Abstract: To explore the birth of modern science， it is important to look for the “outer” social causes， but it is even more important to go back to the “inner” to study the philosophical bases of scientific culture. The birth of modern science is not a child born of only one dominant philosophy of scientific culture， but of the interaction and coexistence of different philosophies of scientific culture. The pursuit of rationality in Aristotles philosophy， the mysterious inspiration of Neo-Platonism and the thought of disenchantment in mechanism have built up the philosophical foundation of scientific culture for the birth of modern science. Different from the systematization of history of thought or history of philosophy， philosophy of scientific culture tends to expresses many-sided pursuit and tolerance of culture. Therefore， it may be closer to the truth of history and turns out to be an effective way for us to understand science.

Key words: philosophy of scientific culture, Aristotelianism, Neo-Platonism, mechanism, disenchantment