超声旋转微锻造增材件数值模拟

doi:10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2025.20240039

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对目前金属增材制造中复杂的温度变化导致制件产生残余应力，进而引起孔洞、裂纹等缺陷问题，以圆形轨迹TC4钛合金件作为研究对象，利用超声微锻造技术，对工件表面施加高频的微小振动，进而达到细化晶粒、降低残余应力的效果.通过研究单层激光熔覆层的不同特征点的热应力变化，得到热应力场结果后导入超声旋转微锻造系统中，进而研究微锻头直径、工具头转速、振幅、锻造温度对于熔覆层残余应力的影响效果.结果表明：激光熔丝增材制造具有“快冷快热”的特点，在锻造系统中，不同的锻造参数对于提升增材件的性能都有着不同的影响.

关键词: 金属增材制造, 残余应力, 超声旋转微锻造, TC4钛合金, 热应力

Abstract:

In view of the complex temperature changes in metal additive manufacturing that lead to residual stress in the parts and then form holes，cracks and other defects，TC4 titanium alloy parts with circular tracks were taken as the research object，and ultrasonic micro-forging technology was used to apply high-frequency micro-vibration on the surface of the workpiece，so as to achieve the effect of refining the grains and reducing the residual stress. By studying the thermal stress changes of different characteristic points of the single-layer laser-cladding layer，the thermal stress field results were obtained and imported into the ultrasonic rotaty micro-forging system， and then the effects of the diameter of the micro-forging head，the rotating speed of the tool head，the amplitude and the forging temperature on the residual stress of the cladding layer were studied. The results showed that laser fuse additive manufacturing has the characteristics of“fast cooling and fast heating”. In the forging system，different forging parameters have different effects on improving the performance of additive parts.

Key words: metal additive manufacturing, residual stress, ultrasonic rotary micro-forging, TC4 titanium alloy, thermal stress

中图分类号:

TG 146.4

任朝晖, 贾昌烨, 武志伦, 王云贺. 超声旋转微锻造增材件数值模拟[J]. 东北大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025, 46(2): 57-63.

Zhao-hui REN, Chang-ye JIA, Zhi-lun WU, Yun-he WANG. Numerical Simulation of Ultrasonic Rotary Micro-forging Additive Parts[J]. Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science), 2025, 46(2): 57-63.

图/表 10

图1 有限元模型

Fig.1 Finite element model

表1 TC4钛合金化学成分 (%)

Table 1 Chemical compositions of TC4 titanium alloy

Fe	Al	V	C	Ti
0.3	5.5	3.5	≤0.1	其余

图2 TC4钛合金热物性参数

Fig.2 Thermal physical parameters of the TC4 titanium alloy

图3 激光熔覆层沿不同路径的温度变化（a）—扫描路径方向；（b）—垂直路径方向.

Fig.3 Temperature variation along different paths of laser-cladding

图4 节点应力变化曲线（a）—等效应力；（b）—周向应力；（c）—径向应力；（d）—Z向应力.

Fig.4 Change curves node stress

图5 有限元模型

Fig.5 Finite element model

图6 不同微锻头直径下沿深度方向残余压应力分布（a）—X向应力；（b）—Y向应力.

Fig.6 Residual stress distribution along depth under different diameters of the micro-forging head

图7 不同转速下沿深度方向的残余应力分布（a）—X向应力；（b）—Y向应力.

Fig.7 Residual stress distribution along the depth direction at different speeds

图8 不同振幅下沿深度方向的残余应力分布（a）—X向应力；（b）—Y向应力.

Fig.8 Residual stress distribution along depth direction at different amplitudes

图9 不同锻造温度下沿深度方向的残余应力分布（a）—X向应力；（b）—Y向应力.

Fig. 9 Residual stress distribution along depth direction at different forging temperatures

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