东北大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (10): 123-131.DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2025.20240069

• 资源与土木工程 • 上一篇    

矿柱扰动下相邻采空区覆岩冒落机理及治理方法

曹建立1, 任凤玉1, 张东杰2   

  1. 1.东北大学 资源与土木工程学院,辽宁 沈阳 110819
    2.内蒙古科技大学 矿业与煤炭学院,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-28 出版日期:2025-10-15 发布日期:2026-01-13
  • 作者简介:曹建立(1980—),男,河南民权人,东北大学讲师,博士
    任凤玉(1956—),男,内蒙古赤峰人,东北大学教授,博士生导师.
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技重大专项(2024ZD1003804);国家科技重大专项(2024ZD1003801)

Caving Mechanism and Treatment Method of Overlying Rock in Adjacent Goaf Disturbed by Ore Pillar

Jian-li CAO1, Feng-yu REN1, Dong-jie ZHANG2   

  1. 1.School of Resources & Civil Engineering,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China
    2.Institute of Mining and Coal,Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology,Baotou 014010,China. Corresponding author: CAO Jian-li,E-mail: caojianli@mail. neu. edu. cn
  • Received:2024-03-28 Online:2025-10-15 Published:2026-01-13

摘要:

相邻采空区之间矿柱通常会积蓄大量能量,一旦矿柱失稳将引发大规模冒落危害事故.基于此构建了采空区诱导冒落力学模型,通过物理实验与数值模拟研究了相邻采空区覆岩冒落特征与机理,提出了诱导冒落矿柱治理相邻采空区新方法.结果表明:矿柱的存在能够承载一定的能量积蓄,使矿柱上方覆岩发生一定程度变形和破坏.矿柱消除后,上方岩体发生冒落,冒落块体整体较小,不易发生大规模整体冒落,可避免发生冲击气浪灾害;应力拱反复形成与消散使得采空区上覆岩层呈现断续冒落特征,采空区上覆岩层内部拉伸损伤的发展与贯通是覆岩裂隙发育直至冒落的主要诱因.通过工程实践表明,该方法具有安全、低成本特点,可为类似条件采空区治理提供指导与借鉴.

关键词: 相邻采空区, 诱导冒落, 冒落机理, 矿柱, 临界冒落跨度

Abstract:

The ore pillar between adjacent goaf usually accumulates a large amount of energy, and the ore pillar instability will lead to large-scale caving hazard accidents. Therefore, a caving-induced mechanical model of goaf was constructed. The caving characteristics and mechanism of the overlying rock in the adjacent goaf were studied through physical experiments and numerical simulation, and a new method of caving induced by ore pillar treatment of the adjacent goaf was proposed. The results show that the existence of the ore pillar can carry a certain amount of energy accumulation, so that the overlying rock above the ore pillar is deformed and destroyed to a certain extent. After the ore pillar is removed, caving of the upper rock mass occurs, and the caving block is small as a whole; it is not easy to induce large-scale overall caving, which can avoid the impact gas wave disaster. The repeated formation and dissipation of stress arches make the overlying strata of the goaf appear intermittent caving, and the development and connection of tensile damage in the overlying strata of goaf are the main reasons for the fracture development and caving of the overlying rock. Engineering practice has shown that this method is characterized by safety and low cost and can provide guidance and reference for the management of goaf under similar conditions.

Key words: adjacent goaf, induced caving, caving mechanism, ore pillar, critical caving span

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