饱和砂岩冻融循环损伤演化特性

doi:10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2025.20240070

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为揭示寒区岩体工程中岩石在冻融循环作用下变形损伤机制，通过室内冻融循环试验、低场核磁共振试验以及声发射监测试验对饱和砂岩孔隙度变化和宏观强度力学特性进行了分析，建立了饱和岩石冻融循环温度-渗流-应力-损伤耦合模型并进行了验证，开展了饱和砂岩在不同冻融循环次数下孔隙度变化及损伤演化数值模拟.研究结果表明：随着冻融次数增加，砂岩孔隙度增长速率变快，单轴抗压强度降低，且下降速率逐渐加快.孔隙尺寸与数量的变化引起岩石中砂岩强度降低.冻融受载荷作用下砂岩损伤是冻融损伤和载荷损伤共同作用的结果，且随着应变增加，砂岩的损伤变量最终趋于1.研究结果可为寒区岩石力学特性研究提供了理论参考和试验依据.

关键词: 冻融循环, 核磁共振, 孔隙度, 损伤演化, 耦合模型

Abstract:

To reveal the deformation and damage mechanism of rock in cold region rock engineering under freeze-thaw cycles， the porosity changes and macroscopic strength mechanical properties of saturated sandstone were analyzed through laboratory freeze-thaw cycle tests， low-field nuclear magnetic resonance experiments， and acoustic emission （AE） monitoring. A coupled temperature， permeability， stress， and damage model for saturated rock under freeze-thaw cycles was developed and validated. Numerical simulations were carried out to investigate the porosity variation and damage evolution in saturated sandstone subjected to different freeze-thaw cycles. The results indicate that as freeze-thaw cycles increase， the porosity growth rate of sandstone increases， while the uniaxial compressive strength decreases， and the rate of strength reduction gradually accelerates. The changes in pore size and quantity lead to deterioration in the strength of sandstone. Freeze-thaw-induced damage in sandstone arises from the combined effects of freeze-thaw cycles and loading， with the damage variable eventually approaching 1 as strain increases. The findings offer theoretical insights and experimental data for understanding the mechanical characteristics of rocks in cold regions.

Key words: freeze-thaw cycle, nuclear magnetic resonance, porosity, damage evolution, coupled model

中图分类号:

TD 853

徐涛, 邱景畅, 袁阳, 许斌. 饱和砂岩冻融循环损伤演化特性[J]. 东北大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025, 46(10): 132-142.

Tao XU, Jing-chang QIU, Yang YUAN, Bin XU. Damage Evolution Characteristics of Saturated Sandstone in Freeze-Thaw Cycles[J]. Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science), 2025, 46(10): 132-142.

图/表 15

表1 砂岩的矿物成分（质量分数） (sandstone（mass fraction） %)

Table 1 Mineral composition and content in

石英	方英石	斜长石	钾长石	黏土矿物
21.1	22.4	29.4	22.4	4.7

表2 砂岩的初始平均物理参数 (sandstone)

Table 2 Initial average physical parameters of

烘干

质量/g

s

^-1

表2 砂岩的初始平均物理参数 (sandstone)

Table 2 Initial average physical parameters of

烘干

质量/g

干密度

饱和密度

饱和含水率%

纵波波速

g·cm^-3

m·

s

^-1

64.3

2.04

2.2

7.1

2 841

图1 冻融试验设备及流程

Fig.1 Freeze-thaw experimental setups and procedure

图2 砂岩冻融循环流程

Fig.2 Freeze-thaw cycles for sandstone

图3 不同冻融循环次数砂岩T2分布曲线（a）—B1；（b）—B2.

Fig.3 T2 distribution curves of sandstone under different freeze-thaw cycles

图4 不同冻融循环次数下砂岩孔径分布曲线（a）—B1；（b）—B2.

Fig.4 Pore size distribution curves of sandstone under different freeze-thaw cycles

图5 不同冻融次数砂岩轴向应力-声发射曲线（a）—冻融0次；（b）—冻融10次；（c）—冻融20次；（d）—冻融30次；（e）—冻融40次；（f）—冻融50次.

Fig.5 Axial stress-AE curves of sandstone under different freeze-thaw cycles

图6 不同冻融次数砂岩应力-应变曲线

Fig.6 Stress-strain curves of sandstone under different freeze-thaw cycles

图7 不同冻融循环次数砂岩的单轴抗压强度

Fig.7 Uniaxial compressive strength of sandstone under different freeze-thaw cycles

图8 多场耦合关系图

Fig.8 Multi-field coupling relationship

表3 砂岩力学指标

Table 3 Mechanical indicators of sandstone

基本属性	参数值
均质度 $m$	5
弹性模量 $E 0$ /GPa	4.5
抗压强度均值/MPa	50
孔隙度/%	16.15
泊松比	0.3
内摩擦角/(°)	40°
岩石导热系数/(W·m^-1·K^-1)	1.3
水导热系数/(W·m^-1·K^-1)	0.55
冰导热系数/(W·m^-1·K^-1)	2.2

表3 砂岩力学指标

Table 3 Mechanical indicators of sandstone

基本属性	参数值
均质度 $m$	5
弹性模量 $E 0$ /GPa	4.5
抗压强度均值/MPa	50
孔隙度/%	16.15
泊松比	0.3
内摩擦角/(°)	40°
岩石导热系数/(W·m^-1·K^-1)	1.3
水导热系数/(W·m^-1·K^-1)	0.55
冰导热系数/(W·m^-1·K^-1)	2.2

图9 砂岩数值模型示意图

Fig.9 Numerical model for sandstone

图10 冻融循环过程砂岩孔隙度变化

Fig.10 Porosity changes of sandstone during freeze-thaw cycles

图11 不同冻融次数砂岩实验与模拟应力-应变曲线

Fig.11 Experimental and simulated stress-strain curves of sandstone under different freeze-thaw cycles

图12 不同冻融循环次数砂岩受载荷损伤演化曲线

Fig.12 Load-induced damage evolution curves of sandstone under different freeze-thaw cycles

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