高碳钢小方坯机械压下过程变形行为数值模拟

doi:10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2025.20249012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过建立与高碳钢小方坯连铸机械压下过程相匹配的三维热力耦合数值模型，从外观变形、两相区变形以及应变等方面对该过程中铸坯的变形行为进行了分析研究.研究结果表明，高碳钢小方坯机械压下过程的变形行为与压下量及实施压下的位置密切相关.压下量增大，铸坯外观变形和由压下导致的两相区减少面积增加，内部产生的应变也呈增大趋势，而压下效率则随着压下量的增加而降低；随着压下位置的提前，铸坯两侧向宽度方向扩展的变形趋势增强，压下效率增加，且随着压下位置对应中心固相率的降低，铸坯中心区域受沿宽展左右两侧拉应变的强度和区域均呈现增大趋势.

关键词: 小方坯, 连铸, 机械压下, 变形行为, 数值模拟

Abstract:

The deformation behavior of the high-carbon steel billet in the continuous casting mechanical reduction process was analyzed from aspects such as appearance deformation， two-phase region deformation， and strain by establishing a 3D thermal-mechanical coupling numerical model. The research results show that the deformation behavior of the high-carbon steel billet during the mechanical reduction process is closely related to the amount and the position of mechanical reduction applied. A larger reduction amount indicates a larger overall appearance deformation of the billet and a more reduced area of the two-phase region caused by the mechanical reduction； the strain generated inside the billet also increases， while the reduction efficiency decreases with the increase in the reduction amount. As the reduction position moves forward， the deformation trend of the billet expanding in the width direction on both sides has intensified， and the reduction efficiency increases. Furthermore， as the central solidification rate corresponding to the reduction position decreases， the intensity and area of the lateral tensile strain in the spread direction acting on the central region of the billet show an increasing trend.

Key words: billet, continuous casting, mechanical reduction, deformation behavior, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

TF 777.1

高宇波, 包燕平, 王敏, 王郢. 高碳钢小方坯机械压下过程变形行为数值模拟[J]. 东北大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025, 46(10): 96-103.

Yu-bo GAO, Yan-ping BAO, Min WANG, Ying WANG. Numerical Simulation on Deformation Behavior of High-Carbon Steel Billet During Mechanical Reduction Process[J]. Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science), 2025, 46(10): 96-103.

图/表 21

表1 研究钢种化学成分（质量分数） ((mass fraction) %)

Table 1 Chemical composition of studied steel grade

C	Si	Mn	P	S	Cr	Ni
0.86	0.20	0.52	≤0.010	≤0.010	≤0.05	≤0.03

表2 小方坯连铸机基本参数

Table 2 Basic parameters of billet caster

断面尺寸	弧形半径/m	结晶器有效长度	二冷区长度/m	压辊直径/mm	压下覆盖区间/m
mm×mm	弧形半径/m	mm	二冷区长度/m	压辊直径/mm	压下覆盖区间/m
160×160	10	800	7.7	450	13.6~18.0

表3 浇注及压下参数

Table 3 Parameters for casting and reduction

拉速/(m·min^-1)	二冷强度/（L·kg^-1）	过热度/℃	单辊压下量区间/mm	压下位置区间
2.3	0.35	20~35	1~5	0.1~0.9

图1 机械压下过程热力耦合模型示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of thermal-mechanical coupling model established for mechanical reduction process

表4 压下作用力计算值与实测值对比

Table 4 Comparison of calculated values and measured values of reduction reaction forces

参数	2#	3#	4#	5#	6#
压下作用力计算值/kN	32.6	109.1	203.8	306.8	254.4
压下作用力实测值/kN	31	106	196	295	264
偏差/%	4.91	2.84	3.83	3.85	-3.77

图2 铸坯上表面沿压下方向的位移量随压下量变化

Fig.2 Variation of displacement of upper surface of billet along reduction direction with reduction amount

图3 铸坯下表面沿压下方向的位移量随压下量变化

Fig.3 Variation of displacement of lower surface of billet along reduction direction with reduction amount

图4 铸坯侧面沿宽展方向的位移量随压下量变化

Fig.4 Variation of displacement of side surface of billet along spread direction with reduction amount

图5 铸坯上表面沿压下方向的位移量随压下位置变化

Fig.5 Variation of displacement of upper surface of billet along reduction direction with reduction position

图6 铸坯下表面沿压下方向的位移量随压下位置变化

Fig.6 Variation of displacement of lower surface of billet along reduction direction with reduction position

图7 铸坯侧面沿宽展方向的位移量随压下位置变化

Fig.7 Variation of displacement of side surface of billet along spread direction with reduction position

图8 压下量对铸坯两相区面积减小量的影响

Fig.8 Effect of reduction amount on reduced area of two-phase region of billet

图9 压下位置对铸坯两相区面积减小量的影响

Fig.9 Effect of reduction position on reduced area of two-phase region of billet

图10 压下量对压下效率的影响

Fig.10 Effect of reduction amount on reduction efficiency

图11 压下位置对压下效率的影响

Fig.11 Effect of reduction position on reduction efficiency

图12 压下量对铸坯应变分布的影响（a）—1 mm；（b）—2 mm；（c）—3 mm；（d）—4 mm；（e）—5 mm.

Fig.12 Effect of reduction amount on strain distribution of billet

图13 压下位置对铸坯应变分布的影响（a）—fs=0.1；（b）—fs=0.3；（c）—fs=0.5；（d）—fs=0.7；（e）—fs=0.9.

Fig.13 Effect of reduction position on strain distribution of billet

图14 压下量对宽展应变分量分布的影响

Fig.14 Effect of reduction amount on distribution of

图15 压下量对宽展方向应变分量沿铸坯表面中心垂直方向分布的影响（a）—1 mm；（b）—2 mm；（c）—3 mm；（d）—4 mm；（e）—5 mm.

Fig.15 Effect of reduction amount on distribution of strain component in spread direction along vertical central line of billet surface strain component in spread direction

图16 压下位置对宽展应变分量分布的影响

Fig.16 Effect of reduction position on distribution of

图17 压下位置对宽展方向应变分量沿铸坯表面中心垂直方向分布的影响（a）—fs=0.1；（b）—fs=0.3；（c）—fs=0.5；（d）—fs=0.7；（e）—fs=0.9.

Fig.17 Effect of reduction position on distribution of strain component in spread direction along vertical central line of billet surface strain component in spread direction

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