超细晶铁素体-珠光体层状结构中碳钢微观组织与力学性能

doi:10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2025.20240048

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用两相区温轧工艺，在0.41%C中碳钢中获得超细晶铁素体-珠光体层状微观结构.利用扫描电镜（SEM）、电子背散射衍射（EBSD）、准静态拉伸和系列低温冲击试验，对比分析3种不同温度（770，800和830 °C）温轧钢板的微观组织与力学性能.结果表明，770，800和830 °C温轧钢板的铁素体平均晶粒尺寸分别为0.82，0.89和1.14 μm；珠光体层比例分别为16.4%，36.2%，43.5%，尺寸分别为0.9，1.3，1.8 μm；屈服强度分别为（696±3），（733±7）和（776±5）MPa；断后伸长率分别为16.5%，16.1%和13.8%；-60 °C冲击功分别为119，114和89 J.通过两相区不同温度温轧，可以改变中碳钢层状结构中超细晶铁素体-珠光体比例与尺寸，显著改善了高珠光体含量中碳钢的低温冲击韧性，实现强度、塑性与低温冲击性能的协同调控.

关键词: 中碳钢, 两相区温轧, 超细晶, 层状组织, 强度, 低温韧性

Abstract:

Using the warm rolling process in the two-phase region，ultrafine-grained ferrite-pearlite lamellar microstructures were obtained in a 0.41%C medium carbon steel. The microstructures and mechanical properties of the warm rolled steel sheets were characterized using scanning electron microscopy（SEM），electron backscatter diffraction（EBSD），quasi-static tensile tests，and a series of low-temperature impact tests at three different temperatures（770，800 and 830 ℃）for comparative analysis. The results reveal that in the steel sheets rolled at temperatures of 770，800，and 830 ℃，the average grain size of ferrite is measured to be 0.82，0.89，and 1.14 μm，the proportion of pearlite is 16.4%，36.2%，43.5%，with the size of 0.9，1.3，1.8 μm，respectively. Furthermore， the yield strength is（696±3），（733±7）and（776±5）MPa，the elongation after fracture is 16.5%，16.1% and 13.8%，and the impact energy at -60 °C is 119，114，and 89 J，respectively.The proportion and size of ultrafine-grained ferrite-pearlite in the lamellar structure of medium carbon steel can be changed by warm rolling at different temperatures in the two-phase region.As a result， a remarkable improvement in the low-temperature impact toughness of the medium carbon steel with high pearlite content is achieved. This leads to a synergistic enhancement of strength， ductility， and low-temperature impact toughness.

Key words: medium carbon steel, warm rolling in two-phase region, ultrafine-grained, lamellar structure, strength, low-temperature toughness

中图分类号:

TG 142.1

韦浩, 张阳, 徐晓宁, 叶其斌. 超细晶铁素体-珠光体层状结构中碳钢微观组织与力学性能[J]. 东北大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025, 46(9): 81-86.

Hao WEI, Yang ZHANG, Xiao-ning XU, Qi-bin YE. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Medium Carbon Steel with Ultrafine-Grained Ferrite-Pearlite Lamellar Structure[J]. Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science), 2025, 46(9): 81-86.

图/表 7

图1 中碳超细晶钢轧制工艺示意图

Fig.1 Schematic illustration of rolling process for ultrafine-grained medium carbon steel

图2 直接淬火态和不同温度温轧钢板试样光学显微组织（a）—DQ；（b）—WA770；（c）—WA800；（d）—WA830.

Fig.2 Optical micrographs of steel sheet samples in direct-quenched and warm-rolled states at various temperatures

图3 直接淬火和不同亚温温轧钢板试样SEM图像（a）—DQ；（b）—WA770；（c）—WA800；（d）—WA830.

Fig.3 SEM micrographs of direct-quenched and warm-rolled steel sheets at various subcritical temperatures

图4 WA770，WA800和WA830钢的IPF图、晶界图和KAM分布（a）—IPF，WA770；（b）—IPF，WA800；（c）—IPF，WA830；（d）—晶体分布，WA770；（e）—晶体分布，WA800；（f）—晶体分布，WA830；（g）—KAM，WA770；（h）—KAM，WA800；（i）—KAM，WA830.

Fig.4 IPF micrographs, grain boundary maps and KAM distribution for WA770, WA800, and WA830 steels

图5 WA770，WA800和WA830钢的晶粒尺寸分布

Fig.5 Distribution of grain size of WA770，WA800， and WA830 steels

图6 WA770，WA800，WA830钢的拉伸及加工硬化率曲线（a）—工程应力-工程应变曲线；（b）~（e）—加工硬化率-真应变曲线.

Fig.6 Tensile and work hardening rate curves of WA770, WA800 and WA830 steels

图7 WA770，WA800，WA830钢的冲击吸收功随温度的变化

Fig.7 Variation of impact absorbed energy with temperature of WA770，WA800 and WA830 steels

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