Optimal Control of Hydrogen Production by Renewable Energy Source Considering State of Charge of Energy Storage

doi:10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2025.20240184

Abstract

Abstract:

An optimal control strategy considering the state of charge （SoC） of energy storage is proposed for an isolated DC microgrid for hydrogen production system composed of renewable energy， electrolytic cell， and energy storage equipment. Firstly， the characteristics of hydrogen production efficiency of alkaline electrolyzers are analyzed， and an optimal control method for adaptive adjustment of hydrogen production efficiency with bus voltage change is proposed. By coordinating with the energy storage system， the hydrogen production efficiency is kept within a high range. When the SoC of energy storage violates the upper and lower limits， a communication-independent SoC active recovery control strategy is designed to ensure the safe operation of the energy storage system. Secondly， a power coordinated control strategy considering extreme conditions is designed to ensure the stable operation of the DC microgrid through flexible switching between various operating modes. Finally， the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by MATLAB/Simulink simulation platform.

Key words: renewable energy source, DC microgrid, energy storage, state of charge（SoC）, hydrogen production efficiency

CLC Number:

TK 91

Zhi-liang WANG, Liang-liang GUO, Xin-yu LI, Xin-rui LIU. Optimal Control of Hydrogen Production by Renewable Energy Source Considering State of Charge of Energy Storage[J]. Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science), 2025, 46(7): 30-36.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig.1 Topology diagram of hydrogen production by RES

Fig.2 Relationship of the hydrogen production efficiency with current and temperature in electrolytic cell

Fig.3 MPPT control structure of renewable energy power generation

Fig.4 Structure diagram of electrolytic cell hydrogen production efficiency control

Fig.5 Active recovery control structure diagram of SoC of energy storage unit

Fig.6 Power coordination control strategy of DC microgrid

Table 1 System simulation parameters

参数	符号	数值
直流母线电压额定值 $/ V$	$V d c n o m$	400
母线电压波动范围 $/ V$	$Δ V$	20
蓄电池额定功率 $/ k W$	$P o B$	20
电解槽额定功率 $/ k W$	$P E L$	50
电解槽工作温度/℃	$θ$	80
效率下垂系数(左）	$R E L L$	1.5
效率下垂系数(右）	$R E L R$	0.8
储能下垂系数	$R B$	2

Table 1 System simulation parameters

参数	符号	数值
直流母线电压额定值 $/ V$	$V d c n o m$	400
母线电压波动范围 $/ V$	$Δ V$	20
蓄电池额定功率 $/ k W$	$P o B$	20
电解槽额定功率 $/ k W$	$P E L$	50
电解槽工作温度/℃	$θ$	80
效率下垂系数(左）	$R E L L$	1.5
效率下垂系数(右）	$R E L R$	0.8
储能下垂系数	$R B$	2

Fig.7 Operation results of energy storage under low SoC scenario

Fig.8 Operation results of energy storage under high SoC scenario

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