Abstract: In response to the problem that the tube-load model is suitable to simulate large and medium-sized arteries， not suitable to simulate small arteries and arterioles， the model combining windkessel model with tube-load model was established to improve the simulation accuracy for the human upper limb vascular system. Firstly， the tube-load model was applied to the simulation from brachial artery to radial artery， and the windkessel model was established in the section from radial artery to finger artery， respectively. Secondly， based on the continuity principle of blood pressure and blood flow in the interface of two models， the relationship of the two models was built and a fusion model was derived by combining the two models. Finally， the simulation performances of the tube-load model and the fusion model were compared. With the evaluation indexes， such as PRD， H1， H2， t1 and t2， the error between the measured waveform and the simulated waveform of the fusion model ( PRD: (4.0±2.0) %; t1: (2.5±1.7) %; t2: (3.1±1.9) %; H1: (1.9±2.1) %; H2: (1.3±1.3)% ) is lower than that of the tube-load model (PRD: (16.5±8.3)%; t1: (3.4±2.4) %; t2: (4.5±3.7) %; H1: (22.1±14.9) %; H2: (19.7±15.3) % ). The results show that the fusion model can accurately simulate the physiological state in the human upper limb vascular system.

Key words: cardiovascular system, pulse wave, windkessel model, tube-load model, fusion model