Study on Dielectric Properties and Influence of Water Content of Building Materials Based on Microwave Radiometer

doi:10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2025.20240034

Abstract

Abstract:

Traditional contact-based dot frequency methods fail to accurately characterize bulk dielectric properties of large-scale samples. Therefore， a microwave dielectric testing system was utilized to investigate the dielectric properties of common building materials. The results show that polarization capability is the primary determinant of dielectric property variations. Wood and plastics are mainly composed of weak polar covalent bonds with a low dielectric constant. Rubber and marble demonstrate elevated dielectric constants due to their strongly polar carbon-carbon double bonds and ionic bonds， respectively. Although sandstone， granite， and glass share silica as their primary constituent， the amorphous structure of glass modifies charge distribution and polarization behavior， yielding a higher dielectric constant. For the same material， water content constitutes the most significant factor governing dielectric properties. Therefore， the influence of water content on dielectric constant was further studied， and the dielectric model of water content in permeable water was established. The results show that when the water content of wood is 0~30% and that of sandstone is 0~0.5%， the water exists in the form of structural water or adsorbed water， which has little effect on the dielectric constant. After the water content increases， the water molecules are distributed in the pores of the sample in the form of free water， which has a significant effect on the dielectric constant. The presence of surface-attached water induces significant dielectric constant amplification in rock specimens.

Key words: building materials, dielectric constant, microwave radiation, water content, dielectric model

CLC Number:

P 237

An-kui ZHU, Jin-sheng LIU, Shan-jun LIU, Meng AO. Study on Dielectric Properties and Influence of Water Content of Building Materials Based on Microwave Radiometer[J]. Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science), 2025, 46(9): 126-134.

Figures/Tables 14

References 30

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实验样品	尺寸/cm（长×宽×厚）
桐木	50×50×1.5
杉木	40×40×1.5
松木	40×40×1.5
塑料	50×50×1.5
橡胶	50×50×0.5
玻璃	40×40×0.5
砂岩	30×30×2.0
花岗岩	25×25×2.0
大理岩	25×15×2.0

实验样品	尺寸/cm（长×宽×厚）
桐木	50×50×1.5
杉木	40×40×1.5
松木	40×40×1.5
塑料	50×50×1.5
橡胶	50×50×0.5
玻璃	40×40×0.5
砂岩	30×30×2.0
花岗岩	25×25×2.0
大理岩	25×15×2.0

环境	桐木	塑料	玻璃	花岗岩
白天	1.369 9	1.417 1	4.395 6	2.376 1
夜间	1.493 9	1.529 7	5.114 0	2.420 7

环境	桐木	塑料	玻璃	花岗岩
白天	1.369 9	1.417 1	4.395 6	2.376 1
夜间	1.493 9	1.529 7	5.114 0	2.420 7

实验样品	介电实部	介电虚部
松木	1.121 6	0.235 8
杉木	1.264 2	0.204 3
桐木	1.494 0	0.134 2
塑料	1.529 7	0.000 1
橡胶	3.902 9	0.075 0
玻璃	5.114 0	0.222 7
砂岩	1.617 3	0.500 5
花岗岩	2.332 0	0.036 3
大理岩	5.591 0	0.012 9