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15 September 2006, Volume 27 Issue 9 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Improved fast parallel thinning algorithm for contours Jing, Yuan-Wei (1); Li, Hai-Yan (1) 2006, 27 (9):  945-948.  DOI: - Abstract ( 251 )   HTML   PDF (243KB) ( 650 )   The problem of thinning contours obtained via segmentation is discussed to reduce the quantity of data processing and prepare for the pre-processing of vectorization. An improved fast parallel thinning algorithm is therefore proposed to the contours in military maps. Two-step thinning algorithm is adopted to process the contour thinning. Some restrictive conditions are added to the existing logistic rules, thus enabling the algorithm to deal with the symmetry problem of module board with the deleting look-up table given to improve the operation speed of the algorithm. The simulation result shows that there is no distorted skeleton and excessive corrosion and the connectedness is satisfactory. The proposed algorithm is proved ideal to deal with contour thinning. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Auto-location of planar checkerboard pattern image corners Wang, Zhong-Shi (1); Han, Xiao-Wei (2); Xu, Xin-He (1) 2006, 27 (9):  949-952.  DOI: - Abstract ( 529 )   HTML   PDF (650KB) ( 1287 )   The location of the internal corners of a planar checkerboard pattern image is very important to camera calibration. An effective approach is proposed to automatically locate the internal target corners of a planar checkerboard pattern image, based on the characteristics of the vanishing point, the grid line architecture and the local gradation. Experimental results showed that the approach can obviously save the time required for camera calibration and speed up the calibration process. Especially, it is adapted to the automatic multi-image calibration. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preconditioning Landweber iterative method for ECT image reconstruction Yang, Gang (1); Wang, Yu-Tao (1); Shao, Fu-Qun (1); Wang, Shi (1) 2006, 27 (9):  953-956.  DOI: - Abstract ( 356 )   HTML   PDF (265KB) ( 1258 )   To speed up the slow convergence rate of Landweber iteration method, a preconditioning approach is proposed to the convergence rate, i.e., the number of iteration steps needed for a best approximate solution is reduced, so as to transform solving ATAf = ATg into solving DATAf = DATg where D is the preconditioning matrix. Discusses the conventional ways to construct the preconditioning matrix, and the two-level preconditioning strategy is picked out to construct the preconditioning matrix, by which the large singular values are aggregated and separated from the small ones instead of aggregating all singular values onto a point, thus avoiding the signal mixed with noise. An evaluation conducted using simulated data for the convergence rate and image reconstruction quality of preconditioned Landweber method. Experimental results showed that the projected Landweber iteration method with preconditioning can provide more satisfactory results through few iteration steps in comparison with the same method without preconditioning. The on-line quantitative image reconstruction is available to electrical capacitance tomography. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and development of a sorting manipulator Wang, Ming-Shun (1); Guan, Shou-Ping (1); Chen, Shu-Ping (2); Li, Dan (1) 2006, 27 (9):  957-960.  DOI: - Abstract ( 195 )   HTML   PDF (268KB) ( 779 )   A sorting manipulator was developed to be mounted to the crystal-angle sorter instead of manual operation of unloading and sorting, combining the machine parts, electric transmission and pneumatic control with embedded microprocessor and micro-electronic elements, among which the machine parts or mechanism is the framework of the sorting manipulator. The step motor makes the manipulator operate precisely, and the pneumatic controls make it cleverer and prompter. The software of the controller, whose core is the embedded micro-controller C8051F206 which is a fully integrated mixed-signal System-on-a-Chip ISP MCU and executes up to 25MIPS, offers some simple artificial intelligence to the sorting manipulator by virtue of transforming the control status, thus enabling it to complete precisely its unloading and sorting operations repeatedly. The combination of manipulator's standard positioning with counting control of step motor can keep the manipulator in long time operation without accumulated error. After a long time operation it has been proved that the sorting manipulator's design is correct and it works reliably. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Project scheduling problem involving time-splittable tasks Luo, Xing-Gang (1); Wang, Ding-Wei (2); Tang, Jia-Fu (2) 2006, 27 (9):  961-964.  DOI: - Abstract ( 338 )   HTML   PDF (195KB) ( 903 )   One of the prerequisites for conventional resource constrained project scheduling problems is that the involved task is time-nonsplittable. But, not a few project scheduling problems in practice revealed that the execution time for an involved task is allowed to split into several parts, which are different from those problems not allowed to interrupt. A mathematic model is therefore developed for the project scheduling problem whose task is splittable to minimize all the time required for a project. However, the model is hard to solve exactly because of so big solution space when the time for the task is long, time slice is thin or there are many splitted parts of the task. So, a hybrid genetic algorithm in combination with neighborhood searching approach is designed to solve the model. The implementation of coding scheme, decoding rule, fitness function, the way to select, crossing operator and genetic operators of the algorithm are described. The effectiveness of the algorithm is verified by simulation results, by which the Gantt charts show the comparison between the cases of non-splittable tasks and splittable tasks. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Traceable scheme for anonymous signature Zhang, Xiang-De (1); Xu, Ming (2) 2006, 27 (9):  965-967.  DOI: - Abstract ( 292 )   HTML   PDF (127KB) ( 547 )   Based on the anonymous signature scheme of electronic wallet, as designed by D. Chaum, a traceable signature scheme for illegal user is presented to solve the problem that the illegal user is untraceable, i.e., a trusted third party such as the court can find the identity or ID number of the illegal user by his legal signature and, consequently, accomplish the ID tracing. Compared with the original scheme designed by D. Chaum, the new one is more practical and useful in actuality. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Implementation of a hardware-scheduled multithread processor for embedded system Yin, Zhen-Yu (1); Zhao, Hai (1); Zhang, Wen-Bo (1); Wang, Xiao-Ying (1) 2006, 27 (9):  968-971.  DOI: - Abstract ( 261 )   HTML   PDF (163KB) ( 636 )   Taking account of the advantages and disadvantages of the existing software-based multithread scheduling for embedded system, a hardware-based design of multithread processor is proposed to implement simultaneously the multithread switching by polling through time slice. Thus, the scheduling cost for operating system can be minimized with the overall efficiency of the processor improved during the multithread execution, and the users' programming complexity can also be reduced under multithread conditions with the processor offering more powerfully protection for the threads during multithread running. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Stochastic Petri net model for QoS based grid service matching Chang, Gui-Ran (1); Zeng, Wan-Dan (2); Zhu, Chuan (1); Zheng, Xiu-Ying (1) 2006, 27 (9):  972-975.  DOI: - Abstract ( 268 )   HTML   PDF (281KB) ( 562 )   It is very important to match well resources with requests to improve the utilization rate of grid resources and QoS for users. A stochastic Petri net model is thus proposed for QoS based grid service matching to abstract and simplify the grid scheduling entities/processes. The model takes advantages of graphical and mathematical methods to simulate the grid resource allocation processes and match the resource supply with service demand more precisely and flexibly by the method of learning by experiences. Furthermore, a quantitative analysis of the performance of the model is given. The model provides both a qualitative and a quantitative evaluation method for grid QoS. This is important to the reduction of the conflicts between the resources and the services and the improvement of grid QoS. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Dynamic online routing algorithm for traffic engineering in MPLS network Du, Li (1); Li, Jun (1); Song, Jian-Ming (1); Dang, Ai-Min (1) 2006, 27 (9):  976-978.  DOI: - Abstract ( 252 )   HTML   PDF (163KB) ( 786 )   Proposes a new online routing algorithm (NORA) for traffic engineering in MPLS network, where the link importance value (LAV) and link busy-degree (BD) are defined on the basis of topology of network and link's bandwidth utilization rate, respectively. When an LSP (label switching path) setting-up request arrives, the algorithm will compute the link-weight for each and every link in accordance to its LIV, current available bandwidth and BD, then choose the optimal path of link-weight for the incoming request using the idea of SPF (shortest path first) algorithm for the computed link-weight. This algorithm can set up LSPs with guaranteed bandwidth dynamically to balance the network load and decrease the refusing rate for LSPs request. Compared with SPF and MIRA (minimum interference routing algorithm) via simulation, the algorithm shows better performance in either decreasing refusing rate or balancing network load. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Material flow and energy flow in iron and steel industry and correlation between them Cai, Jiu-Ju (1); Wang, Jian-Jun (1); Lu, Zhong-Wu (1); Yin, Rui-Yu (2) 2006, 27 (9):  979-982.  DOI: - Abstract ( 360 )   HTML   PDF (157KB) ( 1214 )   The whole production process in iron and steel industry is decomposed correlatively into two parts: the material flow process and energy flow process. A material flow chart is given from crude iron ore or scrap to final products, with a model developed showing the flow process of iron-bearing materials. An energy flow chart is also given from primary to secondary energy source and then to waste gas emission through consumption and transformation, with a model developed showing energy flow in iron and steel industry. A coupling model for both material flow and energy flow is thus developed considering the interaction and correlation between them. The influences of both flows on the energy intensity, resource efficiency and energy efficiency in the iron and steel industry are discussed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Calculating temperature jump during high-speed wire rolling through upper bound triangular velocity field Zhao, De-Wen (1); Xie, Ying-Jie (1); Liu, Xiang-Hua (1); Wang, Guo-Dong (1) 2006, 27 (9):  983-986.  DOI: - Abstract ( 188 )   HTML   PDF (1720KB) ( 580 )   A new method is proposed to calculate the temperature jump during high-speed wire finish rolling through upper-bound triangular velocity field. Due to the very high speed and poor heat dissipation, it is supposed that the external work done during the high-speed wire rolling is nearly all converted into heat since the process is adiabatic. It implies that all the quantity of heat due to temperature jump comes from the shear work done along the tangential velocity discontinuity lines in triangular velocity field in the rolling deforming zone. The total temperature jump at a rolling pass depends on the minimal value of the upper-bound power determined by the velocity field. Then, a formula is derived to calculate the temperature jump of high-speed wire rolling tandem mill, which is used to calculate the temperature jump during finish rolling of φ6.5 mm wire, with a measurement carried out for comparison. The results show that the calculated values of temperature jump is about 11% higher than measured ones, and it is found that the lower the temperature at the entry of finishing mill, the greater the accumulative temperature jump. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of alloying content on microstructure evolution of hot deformed austenite Zhu, Li-Juan (1); Wu, Di (1); Zhao, Xian-Ming (1) 2006, 27 (9):  987-990.  DOI: - Abstract ( 242 )   HTML   PDF (1259KB) ( 593 )   The models of recrystallization kinetics are developed for the austenites in low alloy and microalloyed steel. Their exactness have been well tested by use of single/double pass compression to verify the parameters in the models for hot deformed Si-Mn steel and Nb-V steel. The models were applied to the 2050 hot rolling line in Baosteel to predict the evolution of austenite grain size and rheological stress at each pass during hot rolling, and the results showed that the addition of either low alloyed elements or microalloyed elements both retards dynamic/static recrystallization and austenite grain growth, thus increasing the rheological stress of austenite. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of alternating magnetic field on microstructure of Al-Fe alloy Han, Yi (1); Ban, Chun-Yan (1); Ba, Qi-Xian (1); Cui, Jian-Zhong (1) 2006, 27 (9):  991-994.  DOI: - Abstract ( 264 )   HTML   PDF (1714KB) ( 520 )   To investigate the effect of an alternating magnetic field on the morphology and distribution of iron-containing intermetallic phases in Al-Fe alloy, the near eutectic Al-1.99% Fe alloy and hypoeutectic Al-0.90% Fe alloy were solidified at a cooling rate of 3°C min in and not in the alternating magnetic field for comparison. The magnetic flux density at the center of the furnace and exciting frequency were 0.3 T and 20 Hz, respectively. The results showed that, whether Al3Fe or α-Al was precipitated first, Al3Fe phases were richened at the center of specimen when applying the alternating magnetic field to both Al-Fe alloys. This phenomenon can be explained the way the susceptibility of Al3Fe phase is higher than that of molten Al matrix, i.e., the electromagnetic force acting on Al3Fe phase is greater than that on Al matrix, thus causing the Al3Fe phase to aggregate at the center of specimen. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation for clean production of thermometallurgical separation process of paigeite ore An, Jing (1); Liu, Su-Lan (1); Xue, Xiang-Xin (1) 2006, 27 (9):  995-998.  DOI: - Abstract ( 274 )   HTML   PDF (742KB) ( 643 )   In contrast to the smelting process of the vanadium-titanium-magnetite ore supplied by West Panzhihua mine in China, evaluation for clean production of thermometallurgical separation process of paigeite ore was carried out. An evaluation index system is thus proposed for clean production of smelting paragenous mineral, of which all the index weights are determined by analytical hierarchy process and the clean production index is calculated according for comprehensive scores. And a conclusion is drawn in accordance to the scores given. The results show that the thermometallurgical separation process of paigeite ore accords with the request of clean production though the smelting process of vanadium-titanium-magnetite ore is correspondingly advanced comparing with others now. Meantime, the disadvantages of the separation process are found and some suggestions are given. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Uniformly distributed mass flow rate of PCI into BF tuyeres on formation principle of choking Wang, Xiao-Ming (1); Li, Qiang (1); Zou, Zong-Shu (1); Shen, Feng-Man (1) 2006, 27 (9):  999-1002.  DOI: - Abstract ( 280 )   HTML   PDF (820KB) ( 715 )   Considering aerodynamically the choking phenomenon as that it is formed by a 'pure gas flow', an experimental investigation and theoretical analysis are made to the choking phenomenon formed by a two-phase flow consisting of air and pulverized coal, thus providing an approach to distributing uniformly the mass flow rate of PCI (pulverized coal injection) into BF (blast furnace) tuyeres. The experimental results showed that the air-coal flow will become choking flow in all jet pipes if connecting a set of Venturis to all branch tuyere pipes of the same size in the existing PCI system of BF and the required pressure can be met. Then, the flow speed is in line with flow rate and kept on without being affected by subsequent pipes, thus distributing uniformly the pulverized coal injected. Measuring the mass flow rate in relation to outlet pressure, the critical pressure ratio is defined as the criterion for whether the choking phenomenon takes place. The relationship between critical pressure ratio and solid/gas ratio is thus found to provide a reference for choosing appropriate jet pipes and conditions for their applications. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Permeating mechanism of lead in blast furnace Shen, Feng-Man (1); Yang, Xue-Feng (1); Yang, Guang-Jing (2); Chu, Man-Sheng (1) 2006, 27 (9):  1003-1006.  DOI: - Abstract ( 212 )   HTML   PDF (636KB) ( 832 )   Based on the production practice in Kunming Steel Company, a systematical investigation was done for the permeating mechanism of lead in blast furnace. The results revealed that lead is hard to permeate the brick lining through the original pores in the blast furnace but mainly permeates through different gaps, especially the gap between furnace shell and brick lining. When a refractory brick is seriously eroded, lead enters into the inside of the brick to swell out and deform it, thus damaging further its inner structure. According to the new permeating mechanism mentioned above, a new concept on the design of lead removal hole in furnace body is explored, which provides a useful reference for the rational design of furnace body, stable production and longer service life of the blast furnace under high lead load. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Density functional theory study on hetrofullerence C44X6(X = N, B) Wang, Dong-Lai (1); Gu, Hui-Min (1); Shen, Hong-Tao (1); Zhai, Yu-Chun (1) 2006, 27 (9):  1007-1010.  DOI: - Abstract ( 234 )   HTML   PDF (425KB) ( 528 )   According to the B3LYP density functional theory, the primary function 6-31G* is employed to optimize the geometric configuration and electronic structures of the three isomers of the hetrofullerenes C44X6(X = N, B) with different symmetries, i.e., the isomers with D3(I), C3 and D3(II). The HOMO-LUMO gap energies, ionization potential, electron affinities, absolute electronegativities, loble hardnesses and molecular electrostatic potential are thus calculated. The calculation results indicate that D3(I) is the most stable one of all the three positional isomers of C44X6(X = N, B). The heterofullerenes C44X6(X = N, B) with D3(I) symmetry have smaller ionization potential, electron affinities, absolute electronegativities and electrostatic potential outside the sphere in comparison with the total-carbon molecule C50, and they are easier to be oxidized and reacted with electrophile. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of oxidation on evolution of Ti-bearing mineral phases in Ti-bearing blast furnace slag Guo, Zhen-Zhong (1); Zhang, Li (1); Li, Da-Gang (1); Sui, Zhi-Tong (1) 2006, 27 (9):  1011-1013.  DOI: - Abstract ( 239 )   HTML   PDF (319KB) ( 891 )   Changing the Ti-bearing mineral phases in Ti-bearing blast furnace slag under oxidizing condition is crucial to the comprehensive utilization of the slag. The morphologies of the Ti-bearing slag before and after oxidation/modification were analyzed by means of SEM, XRD, X-ray spectrum and back scattered image analysis. The results indicated that the morphology, composition and phase structure of the Ti-bearing mineral phases after oxidation all change, as well as the existence condition of titanium. In the slag both the titanaugite and Ti-rich diopside almost vanish and most of the dispersed Ti component has been transferred into perovskite phase and then fully grows and coarsens. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Li-Al-Mn-Si-Ca alloy Li, Hong-Bin (1); Yao, Guang-Chun (1); Liang, Chun-Lin (1); Guo, Zhi-Qiang (1) 2006, 27 (9):  1014-1017.  DOI: - Abstract ( 204 )   HTML   PDF (910KB) ( 636 )   The microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Li alloy were studied after adding the trace elements Al, Mn, Ca and Si in it. The alloy thus has a good cold-workability to roll it into 2 mm thin sheet at room temperature. The effects of Al, Mn, Si and Ca on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the sheets was investigated metallographically. It was found that adding these elements in the alloy can refine α phases with granular and strip-like substances produced, which are proved to be some new compounds formed between different added elements by the observation using optical microscopy and SEM with EDX analysis. Tensile tests were carried out at room temperature and the results showed that the Al, Mn, Ca and Si additions can all improve the tensile strength and percentage elongation of the alloys, and the more the different elements added in, the higher the alloy strength, and finally the σ0.2 and σb increase by 17.06% and 13.16%, respectively, when adding l wt%Al, 0.2 wt%Mn, 0.1 wt%Ca and 0.1 wt%Si, but the high percentage elongation decreases to some extent. This is just the reason why the added elements form new phase and strengthen the alloys. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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EMG-based design of mechanical hand prosthesis Wang, Hong (1); Ji, Yan-Qiao (1); Zhao, Chang-Kuan (2); Li, Qi (1) 2006, 27 (9):  1018-1021.  DOI: - Abstract ( 280 )   HTML   PDF (278KB) ( 1583 )   Presents the mechanical design and kinematics analysis of a dextrous robot hand to develop multifunctional upper limb prosthesis. The design of robot hand includes the palm, fingers and wrist. It can do four grasping models (gripping, pinching, lateral gripping and lateral pinching), and the wrist can bend and rotate. All the movements are controlled just by four actuators or motors. Based on the optimization of forefinger size, an individual kinematics model of forefinger is developed with both normal and inverse solutions given to it. In this way a theoretical reference is provided for the further study on prosthetic hand's trajectory planning and controls. The formation of EMG and how to use the EMG to control the robot hand's movements are briefly discussed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Digital simulation analysis of fatigue reliability of compressor disk Qian, Wen-Xue (1); Yin, Xiao-Wei (1); He, Xue-Hong (1); Xie, Li-Yang (1) 2006, 27 (9):  1022-1025.  DOI: - Abstract ( 248 )   HTML   PDF (906KB) ( 592 )   It is of significance to study the reliability of compressor disk which is a key rotating part of aeroengine and its failure often causes disastrous result. The distribution parameters of stress at the compressor disk mortises were determined with stochastic finite element method. And several strain control low cycle fatigue tests were done with standard samples to determine the parameter distributions of disk material. Based on the critical plane approach which is a kind of multiaxial fatigue models and using digital simulation technique, the life distribution and distribution parameters of the compressor disk can be obtained so as to build a reliability model of the compressor disk. The simulation results showed that the method proposed is available to get a more accurate result in addition to reducing the cost of disk test and shorting the test period. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of a vacuum melt press for fiber optic plate Wang, Yan (1); Meng, Xiang-Zhi (1); Song, Jin-Chun (1); Ba, De-Chun (1) 2006, 27 (9):  1026-1029.  DOI: - Abstract ( 267 )   HTML   PDF (263KB) ( 614 )   Based on hydraulic proportional feedback system and sensor testing technique, an automatic melt press for FOP fabrication was developed to improve the low control accuracy and reproducibility of conventional melt presses to fabricate fiber optic plates (FOP). Describes its working principle, process flow and structural characteristics, especially the working principle of its hydraulic control system that is the core in machine reforming. Experiment results showed that the melt press we developed is highly automatic, and its control accuracy of technological parameters is proved not lower than other advanced similar domestic/foreign systems, i.e., the control accuracies of vacuum degree, temperature and pressure are ± 2 Pa, ± 0.1°C and ± 1%, respectively. A new means was thus provided for R&D of FOP fabrication. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Propagation law of wave velocity in granite sample under different conditions Li, Yuan-Hui (1); Zhao, Xing-Dong (1); Zhao, You-Guo (1); Tian, Jun (1) 2006, 27 (9):  1030-1033.  DOI: - Abstract ( 507 )   HTML   PDF (252KB) ( 2266 )   The effects of water ratio, crack, strain and temperature on the acoustic wave velocity in granite samples were investigated systematically by means of TICO, an ultrasonic concrete tester. The following results were found, i.e., the water ratio affects obviously the acoustic wave velocity of rock sample; the wave velocity is higher in saturated rock samples than in unsaturated ones; and it decreases gradually with the strain of samples during uniaxial compression; and also with the lengthening holding time at 160°C; when heating the samples the acoustic wave velocity increases slightly in initial stage and comes to the peak value at 60°C, then decreases gradually with increasing temperature; meantime, there is a certain temperature effect on rock samples size. All these indicate that the acoustic wave velocity in granite samples is affected by several extrinsic factors and some rules may be found. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of high-temperature rut resistance of recycled asphalt mixture Yang, Yan-Hai (1); Zhao, Wen (1); Li, Hong-Bin (2) 2006, 27 (9):  1034-1037.  DOI: - Abstract ( 262 )   HTML   PDF (984KB) ( 644 )   Lots of lab tests were done to investigate the rut resistance of recycled asphalt mixture under conditions of different grading types, tar-rubble ratios and testing temperatures. Testing result indicated that the dynamic stability of recycled mixture is higher than that of common asphalt mixture, to which the different grading types offer differently. The influences of tar-rubble ratio and temperature change on the dynamic stability is very obvious, where the ratio is in inverse proportion to the stability and the temperature change is in an exponential functional relation with the stability. A value of dynamic stability is therefore recommended on the basis of testing results. The conclusion drawn from the investigation will offer guidance to the recycling of waste asphalt pavement materials. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Dynamic optimal consumption and investment strategy with incomplete information based on overconfidence Li, Kai (1); Shi, Jin-Yan (1); Li, Ya-Ning (1) 2006, 27 (9):  1038-1041.  DOI: - Abstract ( 243 )   HTML   PDF (1204KB) ( 859 )   An optimal consumption and investment strategy is proposed, in case an investor doesn't know the mean return of the risk asset and conjectures the actual mean return in accordance to the risky asset price he observed owing to his influence of overconfidence. Taking the overconfidence as an important cognitive bias into the consideration of classical optimal consumption and investment problem, an optimal consumption and investment model is set up with incomplete information. Then, an optimal consumption and investment strategy is given by use of stochastic dynamic programming theory. For the case of specific CRRA utility, it is shown that the induced hedging demand arising from the ignorance of mean return on the risky assets is negative. An important conclusion is thus drawn that the absolute value of optimal proportion of one's investment in risky assets increases uncertainly for an overconfident investor because of the incomplete information on financial market. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Empirical study on liquidity and volatility in Chinese stock market Wang, Jian (1); Zhuang, Xin-Tian (1) 2006, 27 (9):  1042-1045.  DOI: - Abstract ( 254 )   HTML   PDF (120KB) ( 1292 )   In Chinese stock market where all the stock buying/selling actions have to be done via an order-commission system, the bid-ask spread is really a market spread and it reflects the immediate trading costs in transactions. Spread and depth are the two important liquidity indices. Analyzing both the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets, it is found that in Chinese stock market the liquidity is relatively higher and volatility slightly lower than other countries. When comparing horizontally, it is shown that the liquidity in the two stock markets has no obvious difference, and the stock price volatilities in the two markets are much synchronized. It indicates that the homogeneity of investors' behavior makes the business operation of the two markets similar eventually. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Game analysis of knowledge sharing in knowledge alliances Ning, Ye (1); Fan, Zhi-Ping (1); Feng, Bo (1) 2006, 27 (9):  1046-1049.  DOI: - Abstract ( 231 )   HTML   PDF (185KB) ( 997 )   Emphasizing the importance of the knowledge sharing in knowledge alliances, the profit gained and cost paid by a member of knowledge alliances are analyzed and it is deemed that all the members have to seek for a point to balance the profit to gain and cost to pay if they want to share knowledge in alliance with each other. By utilizing the complete information dynamic game analysis to the knowledge sharing process, a solution is given to the perfect sub-game Nash equilibrium so as to find the conditions to realize the knowledge sharing. An idea is given to the fact that the members of a knowledge alliance often lack the dynamic to share knowledge, which will be beneficial to them to maximize the profit available to obtain from knowledge sharing. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Distribution mechanism of incentive compensation in state-owned enterprise Sun, Shi-Min (1); Yang, Li-Feng (1); Zhao, Xi-Nan (1) 2006, 27 (9):  1050-1053.  DOI: - Abstract ( 242 )   HTML   PDF (110KB) ( 762 )   Based on the theories of economics and management, the surplus sharing mechanism for managers and performance payment distribution mechanism for staffers in a state-owned enterprise are studied. In view of game theory, some quantitative methods are applied to determine the rational proportion of surplus sharing, depending on the economic value added to the enterprise by each and every manager's individual ability as his/her performance standard. On the other hand, a distribution mechanism of performance payment for staffers is proposed through the distribution flow starting from the whole company to every department then to individual staffers with some measuring models designed correspondingly. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Result of covering a bipartite graph with cycles Che, Xiang-Kai (1); Wang, Li-Hua (2) 2006, 27 (9):  1054-1058.  DOI: - Abstract ( 233 )   HTML   PDF (191KB) ( 566 )   H. Wang conjectured that for each integer k &le 2 there exists N(k) such that if G = (V1, V21, E) is a bipartite graph in which |V1| = |V2| = n &le N(k) and d(x) + d(y) &le n + k for any pair of nonadjacentvertices x∈V1 and y∈V2, then for any k independent edges e1, e2, e3, &mellip;ek in G there exist k vertex-disjoint cycles C1, C2, &mellip;, Ck such that ei∈E(Ci), i∈{l, 2, &mellip;, k} and V(C1UC2U&mellip;UCk) = V(G). This conjecture has been verified if k = 2, 3 by H. Wang and J.A.Bondy, but we prove it if k = 4. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Quantum theory of hydrogen atom Jiang, Xun-Dong (1); Li, Lin (1); Hu, Rong-Ze (2) 2006, 27 (9):  1059-1062.  DOI: - Abstract ( 465 )   HTML   PDF (149KB) ( 1861 )   Discusses in detail the microscopic nature of various physical quantities characterizing the intrinsic attributes of hydrogen atom to prove that the hydrogen atom's quantum energy, the inner quantum orbital momentum of electron and the relative quantum distance between atomic nucleus and electron all relate to the quantum state of the atomic system. The above physical quantities of quantum take different values if the atomic system are in different quantum states. A quantum operator algebraic theory is proposed first to suit the character of the hydrogen atom. Based on the Hmiltonian expression for hydrogen atom in combination with the theory proposed, the theoretical values of the hydrogen atom's energy, ground state energy and spectrum constant and the electron orbital angular momentum are given. The results indicate that for hydrogen atom the theoretical values of its energy, ground state energy and spectrum constant all relate to the quantum size of the electron and the nucleus of hydrogen atom. Furthermore, the spectrum constant conforms well with the experimental value. References | Related Articles | Metrics