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    Information & Control
    Segmentation Method for Glass-like Object Based on Cross-Modal Fusion
    Ying-cai WAN, Li-jin FANG, Qian-kun ZHAO
    2025, 46 (1):  1-8.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2025.20230204
    Abstract ( 353 )   HTML ( 7)   PDF (2021KB) ( 57 )  

    Due to the lack of distinct textures and shapes, objects such as glass and mirrors pose challenges to traditional semantic segmentation algorithms, compromising the accuracy of visual tasks. A Transformer‑based RGBD cross‑modal fusion method is proposed for segmenting glass‑like objects. The method utilizes a Transformer network that extracts self‑attention features of RGB and depth through a cross‑modal fusion module and integrates RGBD features using a multi‑layer perceptron (MLP) mechanism to achieve the fusion of three types of attention features. RGB and depth features are fed back to their respective branches to enhance the network's feature extraction capabilities. Finally, a semantic segmentation decoder combines the features from four stages to output the segmentation results of glass‑like objects. Compared with the EBLNet method, the intersection‑and‑union ratio of the proposed method on the GDD, Trans10k and MSD datasets is improved by 1.64%, 2.26%, and 7.38%, respectively. Compared with the PDNet method on the RGBD-Mirror dataset, the intersection‑and‑union ratio is improved by 9.49%, verifying its effectiveness.

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    A Graph Reinforcement-Based Approach to Task Offloading and Resource Allocation in Partially Observable Environment
    Yu DAI, Zong-ming JING, Lei YANG, Zhen GAO
    2025, 46 (1):  9-17.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2025.20230216
    Abstract ( 257 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (2016KB) ( 28 )  

    To address the issue of global information loss due to ineffective communication among edge servers in partially observable environment, an inter‑edge server communication mechanism based on a graph attention mechanism is constructed, where the mobile edge computing (MEC) system is represented as a graph structure, allowing message passing between edge servers through the edges in the graph to indirectly obtain the global state information of the MEC system. The dual attention mechanism is introduced to enable agents to focus more on communication messages that are more useful for policy optimization, thereby accelerating the convergence speed of the model and improving algorithm performance. Simulation experimental results demonstrate that compared to baseline algorithms, the proposed algorithm effectively reduces task completion delay and energy consumption while exhibiting faster convergence speed.

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    Dynamic Vehicle Routing Method Based on Improved Back-Pressure Algorithm
    Shuo WANG, Wei-min WU, Tao ZHANG
    2025, 46 (1):  18-25.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2025.20239037
    Abstract ( 203 )   HTML ( 1)   PDF (4168KB) ( 40 )  

    A vehicle scheduling method based on vehicle density and speed back‑pressure (BP) is proposed to alleviate traffic congestion in traffic network. Addressing the complexity and heterogeneity of vehicles, the calculation of the BP value is based on vehicle density on upstream and downstream roads, with maximum allowable speeds serving as weights. Then, the BP ratio is used to govern the number of vehicles allocated from the upstream fleet to the downstream road to balance the traffic flow. In addition, the shortest driving distance for the fleet is used as the optimization goal for individual vehicle routing to reduce the average travel distance. Simulation results show that the proposed method is more effective than other BP algorithm‑based dynamic vehicle routing methods in reducing queuing length and alleviating congestion, while decreasing the average travel distance and time for vehicles significantly.

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    CNN-Transformer Dehazing Algorithm Based on Global Residual Attention and Gated Feature Fusion
    Hai-yan LI, Ren-chao QIAO, Hai-jiang LI, Quan CHEN
    2025, 46 (1):  26-34.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2025.20239041
    Abstract ( 247 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (8026KB) ( 40 )  

    To address the shortcomings of existing image dehazing algorithms, such as the lack of global contextual information, inadequate performance in dealing with non‑uniform haze, and the introduction of noise during the reuse of detailed information, a CNN-Transformer dehazing algorithm based on global residual attention and gated feature fusion is proposed. Firstly, a global residual attention mechanism is introduced to adaptively extract the detailed features from non‑uniform haze regions, and cross‑dimensional channel‑spatial attention is designed to optimize information weights. Thereafter, a global modelling Transformer module is proposed to deepen the feature extraction process of the encoder, and a Swin Transformer with parallel convolutions is constructed to capture the inter‑feature dependencies. Finally, a gated feature fusion decoder module is designed to reuse the texture information required for image reconstruction, to filter out irrelevant haze noise, and thereby to improve dehazing performance. Qualitative and quantitative experiments conducted on four publicly available datasets indicate that the proposed algorithm can effectively handle non‑uniform haze regions, reconstruct high‑fidelity haze‑free images with fine textures and rich semantics, and achieve higher peak signal‑to‑noise ratio and structural similarity index compared to the classic algorithm.

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    Materials & Metallurgy
    Numerical Simulation of Mass and Heat Transfer in Iron Ore Sintering Process
    Zhong-zheng LI, Zhao-xia WU, Jin-yang WANG, Zeng-xin KANG
    2025, 46 (1):  35-43.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2025.20230220
    Abstract ( 205 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (3921KB) ( 34 )  

    Taking the sintering material in a single pallet of a 360 m2 belt sintering machine in a steel plant as the research object, based on the porous media model and sintering theory, combined with local non‑equilibrium thermodynamic theory, component transport theory and the kinetic equation of various key sub‑models, a two‑dimensional transient mathematical model of mass and heat transfer in the sintering process of sintering material was established. The main factors and laws affecting the mass and heat transfer in the sintering process were simulated and studied, and the material bed temperature, the specific distribution of the main flue gas components in the material layer were obtained. The results show that, an increase in negative pressure of the exhaust caused a rise of overall temperature in the material layer, an increase in oxygen content and a decrease in carbon dioxide content in the material layer. The increase in thickness of the material layer leads to a rise of overall temperature, a decrease in oxygen content, and an increase in carbon dioxide content in the material layer. The appropriate exhaust negative pressure at the bottom of the trolley and material layer thickness are 12 kPa and 0.6 m, respectively. The temperature of the combustion zone is close to 1 500 K, and the volume fractions of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the combustion zone are about 11% and 10%, respectively.

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    Optimization of Material Flow in Sinter Vertical Cooling Furnace
    Hai-feng LI, Teng-fei QI, Yong-jie ZHANG, Zong-shu ZOU
    2025, 46 (1):  44-51.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2025.20230245
    Abstract ( 181 )   HTML ( 2)   PDF (5576KB) ( 27 )  

    In order to improve the material flow in the vertical cooling furnace of Shanghai Meishan Iron and Steel Co. , Ltd. , the optimization measures of edge‑center combined charging are proposed, and the discrete element method (DEM) is used to analyze the improvement effect of this measure on the material velocity distribution and flow pattern in the vertical cooling furnace. The results show that the edge‑center combined charging can change the velocity distribution law from the low‑velocity in the sidewall area and high‑velocity in the middle area and center area to high‑velocity in the sidewall area and center area and low‑velocity in the middle area. At the same time, the material flow pattern is changed from the original “U” type to “—” type. The minimum mass flow index of particles moving down is increased from 0.645 to 0.762, which improves the “mass flow” degree of material flow in the furnace. However, this charging method will cause serious segregation of large particles in the middle area. It is suggested to try to adjust the relative height of the edge and center charging pipes to balance the improvement of material flow and the increase of segregation.

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    Mechanical Engineering
    Comparative Experimental Study on Micro-grinding Performance of 2.5D Cf/SiC Composites and SiC Ceramics
    Ya-dong GONG, Yuan-feng LI, Quan WEN, Qi-zhen REN
    2025, 46 (1):  52-60.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2025.20230206
    Abstract ( 351 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (3348KB) ( 30 )  

    In order to explore the micro‑grinding process of 2.5D Cf/SiC composites and SiC ceramics, the differences of surface morphology, surface roughness and grinding force between the two materials under the same process parameters were compared, and the influence of process parameters on grinding performance evaluation parameters was analyzed. Single‑factor micro‑grinding experiments were carried out on the two materials by using 500# electroplated diamond micro‑grinding tools with the diameter of 0.9 mm. The results showed that the removal process of 2.5D Cf/SiC composites is different from that of SiC ceramics because the composites effectively inhibit the propagation of cracks during micro‑grinding. Under the same process parameters, 2.5D Cf/SiC composites have better surface micro‑morphology, fewer defects and less surface roughness, while SiC ceramics without fiber reinforcement have worse surface micro‑morphology, more defects and greater surface roughness. The average grinding force of SiC ceramics is more than 2.5D Cf/SiC, and the real‑time grinding force signal of 2.5D Cf/SiC is relatively stable during micro‑grinding, while the real‑time grinding force signal of SiC ceramics has spikes.

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    Dynamic Characteristics of Adjustable Vector Nozzles Considering Joint Clearance
    Zhong LUO, Jiang ZHAO, Chun-yang XU, Hang CAO
    2025, 46 (1):  61-67.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2025.20230219
    Abstract ( 248 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (2228KB) ( 15 )  

    Aiming at the problem of poor kinematic stability of the adjustable vector nozzle mechanism used in the aero‑engine system, the effect of clearance on its dynamic characteristics was studied. Firstly, the dynamic model of the adjustable vector nozzle single‑chain mechanism was established using the first type of Lagrange equation, and the driving force variation curve of the single‑chain mechanism was obtained. Then, the contact force model proposed by Lankarani and Nikravesh and the modified Coulomb friction model were used to establish the moving pair clearance model, which was constructed in the dynamic simulation software by using the function. Finally, a dynamic model of the single‑chain mechanism with joint clearance was established based on the virtual prototyping technology. The effects of clearance position and clearance size on the dynamic characteristics of the adjustable vectoring nozzle mechanism were simulated and analyzed. The results showed that the larger the clearance and aerodynamic force arm, the more significant the fluctuation of the system dynamics characteristics. As the joint clearance size increases within the small clearance range, the fluctuation amplitude of the dynamic characteristics of the adjustable vector nozzle mechanism decreases first and then increases. When the clearance between the triangular rod and the steering control ring is 0.3 mm, the system dynamics become the most stable.

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    Design and Experimental Verification of Small-Scale Magnetic Adsorption Wall-Climbing Robots
    Chen-wei TANG, Jian-lei LI, Hong-liang YAO, Ru-yu JIA
    2025, 46 (1):  68-75.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2025.20230221
    Abstract ( 265 )   HTML ( 2)   PDF (2121KB) ( 21 )  

    To address the challenges of complex structures and large sizes in traditional wall‑climbing robots, a novel small‑scale magnetic adsoprtion wall‑climbing robot was designed, capable of maneuvering on vertical surfaces and meeting the operational requirements in confined spaces. Based on the vibration‑driven theory, a foot structure with torsional characteristics was designed, incorporating a magnetic adsorption mechanism. A dynamic model of the wall‑climbing robot was established, and numerical simulations were performed to analyze the effect of excitation frequency and external load on the robot’s motion speed. The results indicated that the robot achieves the maximum climbing speed of 58.7 mm/s under no‑load conditions and 44.9 mm/s when carrying a load equivalent to 0.7 times its own mass. Experimental validation further demonstrated the maximum climbing speeds of 56.5 and 30.2 mm/s under no‑load and loaded conditions, respectively. Additionally, by adjusting the excitation frequency, the robot’s motion speed and direction can be effectively controlled.

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    Effects of Surface Periodic Roughness on Contact Stick-Slip Behaviors
    Zhi-qiang WANG, Zhen-yu LEI
    2025, 46 (1):  76-82.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2025.20239038
    Abstract ( 11 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (4677KB) ( 212 )  

    In order to investigate the mechanism of surface periodic roughness on the stick‑slip characteristics of the contact interface, a three‑dimensional flexible‑body model of the slider‑plate contact was established by using the finite element method, and the contact stick‑slip motion processes under the surface smoothness and single/double surface roughness conditions were analyzed. The results indicated that during the velocity loading phase, the vibration form of the system is characterized by initial single stick‑slip vibration and subsequent sustained slip vibration under the surface smoothness condition. Under the single‑surface roughness condition, the unsteady periodic vibration occurs in the system, and the vibration manifests itself in the form of cyclic stick‑slip vibrations. Under the double‑surface roughness condition, influenced by the complex roughness of double contact surfaces, the vibration response of the system manifests the reciprocating and disorderly stick‑slip vibrations. Appropriate reduction of roughness amplitude and increase of roughness wavelength are beneficial to promote the rough surface contact.

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    Sensitivity Analysis of Deep Groove Ball Bearings with Coupling Misalignment
    Ming LIU, Peng-fei WANG, Hong GUAN, Hui MA
    2025, 46 (1):  83-91.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2025.20230225
    Abstract ( 17 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (1667KB) ( 216 )  

    To address the anomalous vibrations potentially caused by improper bearing installation in rotating machinery, the effects of bearings’ coupling misalignment on the contact forces and vibration responses of ball bearings were analyzed. A mechanical model for deep groove ball bearings was developed, considering the axial, parallel, and angular misalignments in the outer ring. Sensitivities of the raceway contact forces and rotor vibration responses to these three types of misalignments were evaluated through the orthogonal experimental design. The results showed that, when all the three misalignments coexist, parallel misalignment exhibits the highest sensitivity to both contact forces and vibration responses, while axial misalignment demonstrates the lowest sensitivity.

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    Numerical Simulation Study on Spindle Cooling Device for Oil-Free Scroll Vacuum Pumps
    Xi YUAN, Ming-xu MA, Jie CHEN, Zhe-ying WANG
    2025, 46 (1):  92-98.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2025.20230226
    Abstract ( 13 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (2384KB) ( 194 )  

    A study is carried out on the spindle cooling structure for the existing oil‑free scroll vacuum pump in an enterprise. Based on the actual structure and working principle of the spindle cooling device for this vacuum pump, the main technical parameters affecting the cooling efficiency of the spindle are analyzed. Its internal geometric model is further constructed, and the numerical simulations of its flow field characteristics and temperature field characteristics are performed using the ANSYS Fluent software. In addition, the effect of variable cross‑section cooling pipes on the temperature drop efficiency of the device is investigated under conditions such as different pipe diameters and different numbers of outlets. The results show that when the diameter of the inlet section increases from 3.0 mm to 5.0 mm, the shaft surface temperature decreases by 12.74%; when the diameter of the outlet section increases from 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm, the shaft surface temperature decreases by 19.68%; and when the number of pipe outlets increases from 1 to 4, the shaft surface temperature decreases by 23.61%. The response of the shaft surface temperature to the change of the diameter of the middle section and the end section is not obvious. Hence, the diameter of the inlet section, the diameter of the outlet section and the number of pipe outlets are the main factors affecting the temperature drop of the eccentric spindle for the vacuum pump.

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    Lightweight Design of SUV Automobile Aluminum Alloy Wheel Hub Based on Finite Element Simulation
    Xiao-ming CHEN, Jian-ye YU, Shun LIU, Chong ZENG
    2025, 46 (1):  99-109.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2025.20230192
    Abstract ( 200 )   HTML ( 1)   PDF (5359KB) ( 28 )  

    Based on the finite element analysis and performance testing, the lightweight design of aluminum alloy wheel hub is carried out. Firstly, the structural static analysis of the wheel hub model is carried out to obtain the stress and deformation distribution of the wheel hub under the static full load state of the vehicle using ANSYS Workbench. Secondly, through the analysis of the first six‑order modes of the wheel hub, the natural frequency and deformation of each order of the wheel hub are obtained, and the resonance law of the wheel hub excited by the engine and the road is proved. Then, according to the wheel hub’s bending fatigue, radial fatigue and impact simulation tests, the topology optimization of the wheel hub spokes is carried out and a lightweight wheel hub model is obtained. Finally, the lightweight wheel hub is tested again, and the testing results of the lightweight wheel hub and the original wheel hub are compared to obtain the performance changes of the wheel hub before and after optimization, so as to ensure that the lightweight wheel hub model still meets the requirement for strength.

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    Effect of Tilted Angles of Cutting Tools’ Rake Face Textures on Cutting AISI 304
    Liang ZHOU, Ping ZOU, Zhen-yu YANG
    2025, 46 (1):  110-118.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2025.20230228
    Abstract ( 155 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (6747KB) ( 18 )  

    To explore the reasons for the difference in the texture direction in improving the tool performance, firstly, the effect of the texture on the cutting force was analyzed, as well as the mechanism of texture direction on the derivative cutting. Secondly, the textures with different directions were fabricated by laser texturing techniques. The cutting performances of the textured tool were compared in terms of cutting force, cutting temperature, tool wear, workpiece surface roughness, and chip morphology. The results showed that the performance of the textured tool is determined by both the reduced tool‑chip contact area and the derivative cutting due to the textures. The texture direction has a large effect on the derivative cutting. The cutting performance of the tool with a smaller textured tilted angle is optimal, with maximum reductions in cutting force, cutting temperature, and workpiece surface roughness of 13.2%, 16.7%, and 3.76%, respectively, compared to the untextured tools.

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    Resources & Civil Engineering
    Study on Overpressure and Disaster Distance of Wood Dust Explosion Based on TNT Equivalent Method
    Hao-nan ZHANG, Qi YUAN, Chun-miao YUAN, Gang LI
    2025, 46 (1):  119-126.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2025.20230212
    Abstract ( 164 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (1482KB) ( 21 )  

    To quickly assess the overpressure and disaster distance of wood dust explosion, the TNT equivalent method was used to predict the overpressure value of wood dust explosion. The explosion pressure maximum of wood dust was simulated using ANSYS/LS-DYNA. The experimental results show that when the initial pressure is 0 MPa and the dust concentration is 750 g/m3, the error between simulated values and experimental values is within 10%; When the initial pressure is 0.101 MPa and the dust concentration is 730 g/m3, the error between the calculated value and the experimental value is 2.44%, the error between the simulated value and the experimental value is within 7%, and the error between the simulated value and the calculated value is within 8%. It proves that the TNT equivalent method is applicable for predicting the overpressure of wood dust explosion with or without standard atmospheric pressure. Based on the TNT equivalent method, the distribution of dust explosion overpressure in buildings was estimated, and the thresholds for casualties and building damage were analyzed. The research conclusion provides a reference basis for disaster prevention and mitigation measures such as the safe distance determination of hazardous areas for wood dust explosion.

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    Impact Compressive Properties of RTPF Reinforced Concrete Based on Fractal Theory
    Meng CHEN, Hang YU, Yu-ting WANG, Tong ZHANG
    2025, 46 (1):  127-133.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2025.20230214
    Abstract ( 144 )   HTML ( 2)   PDF (2634KB) ( 22 )  

    In order to explore the relationship between the dynamic compressive performance of recycled tire polymer fiber (RTPF) reinforced concrete and the distribution rule of fragment size, the impact compression tests of concrete incorporating different volume fractions of RTPF (0, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.4%) were conducted using a split Hopkinson pressure bar with a diameter of 100 mm. The results indicate that the fractal dimension of concrete with different RTPF contents ranges from 1.422 to 2.401 under the strain rates of 38.2~122.2 s-1. The fractal dimension increases with the increase of strain rate, which has typical strain rate effect. The fractal dimension first decreases and then increases with the increase of RTPF content, and the fractal dimension of concrete reinforced with 0.1% RTPF is the lowest. The dynamic compressive strength and dissipated energy of RTPF reinforced concrete all increase with the increase of fractal dimension regardless of the strain rates. At the same fractal dimension, the fiber‑matrix synergistic effect is the optimum under RTPF volume fraction of 0.1%, which provides the superior enhancement in the dynamic compressive strength and dissipative energy of concrete. The relationship between the macroscopic damage and dynamic compressive properties of RTPF reinforced concrete can be established using fractal theory to obtain the optimal content of RTPF for concrete.

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    Safety Assessment Method for Steel Arch Bridge Based on Optimal Weights and Fuzzy Theory
    Jun-yu YANG, Ming LI, Shuang SUN, Dong-sheng WEI
    2025, 46 (1):  134-144.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2025.20230234
    Abstract ( 18 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (7565KB) ( 190 )  

    The safety status of in‑service bridges is affected by many factors and there are many evaluation indices. In order to effectively evaluate their safety status, considering the influence of multi‑source factors, a bridge safety assessment method based on the optimal weights and fuzzy theory was proposed. This method obtained the mechanical response of the corresponding monitoring points of the bridge under various preset cases through numerical analysis, and the safety level division standard of the bridge was determined according to the numerical calculation results and the current specifications. The membership function was introduced to establish the fuzzy evaluation vector of each index. Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method were used to determine the subjective weight and objective weight for each index, and the optimal weight was obtained by combining preference coefficients. The safety level of bridge was determined by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method according to the principle of maximum membership degree. Taking a steel arch bridge as an example, the safety levels under 24 preset cases were calculated. At the same time, according to the real‑time monitoring data of the bridge in one week, the dynamic safety levels of the bridge in this period were obtained. The results show that the assessment method can fully consider the influences of various subjective and objective factors and dynamically evaluate the safety status of bridge according to real‑time monitoring data.

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    Management Science
    Influence of Environmental Protection Vertical Management Reform on Ecological Environmental Governance Ability: A Quasi-natural Experiment Based on 238 Cities in China
    Yan-bo ZHANG, Ya-ning CHEN, Xiao-nan LIU
    2025, 46 (1):  145-152.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2025.20230211
    Abstract ( 214 )   HTML ( 1)   PDF (745KB) ( 24 )  

    Based on the data from 238 cities in China from 2011 to 2019, the influence of environmental protection vertical management reform (EPVMR) on ecological environmental governance ability was explored by using the multi‑period difference‑in‑differences and intermediary effect models. The results showed that environmental protection vertical management reform not only directly improves the ability of ecological environment governance, but also indirectly improves the ability of ecological environment governance by inhibiting the intervention of local governments in environmental governance and promoting the increase of environmental protection expenditure. Compared with the central and western regions, the eastern region, due to its developed economy, high environmental protection tendency and more investment in environmental protection, has a more significant impact on the improvement of ecological environment governance ability. As provincial capital cities are paid more attention to by the government and the public, the implementation effect of environmental protection vertical reform is better than that of non‑provincial capital cities. Local governments should accelerate the environmental protection vertical management reform, improve the vertical management system of environmental protection, improve the channels for public participation in environmental protection, and improve the efficiency of environmental protection expenditure, so as to enhance the ability to manage the ecological environment.

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