东北大学学报(社会科学版) ›› 2019, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (6): 551-558.DOI: 10.15936/j.cnki.1008-3758.2019.06.001

• 科技哲学研究 •    下一篇

桑德尔为什么“反对完美”?——基于社群主义对人类增强技术的拒斥

陈肖东1,王国豫2   

  1. (1.大连理工大学哲学系,辽宁大连116023;2.复旦大学哲学学院,上海200433)
  • 收稿日期:2019-05-20 修回日期:2019-05-20 出版日期:2019-11-25 发布日期:2019-11-26
  • 通讯作者: 陈肖东
  • 作者简介:陈肖东(1981-),男(蒙古族),辽宁葫芦岛人,大连理工大学副教授,博士研究生,主要从事伦理学研究;王国豫(1962-),女,江苏盱眙人,复旦大学教授,博士生导师,主要从事生命伦理学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金重大资助项目(12&ZD117);国家重点研究计划资助项目(2017YFC0910100)。

Why Is Sandel “Against Perfection”?——Rejection of Human Enhancement Technology Based on Communitarianism

CHEN Xiao-dong1, WANG Guo-yu2   

  1. (1. Department of Philosophy, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China; 2. School of Philosophy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China)
  • Received:2019-05-20 Revised:2019-05-20 Online:2019-11-25 Published:2019-11-26
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摘要: 围绕是否应该将基因工程技术用于人类增强的争论由来已久,而致力于精准预防、精准诊断、精准治疗的基因编辑技术的飞速发展,再次引起人们对“增强”和“完美”技术的关注。美国哲学家桑德尔旗帜鲜明地“反对完美”。在他看来,以基因工程为基础的人类增强技术的应用,破坏了自然的道德地位,弱化了对人的尊重,打破了善与权力的平衡,进而带来社会的不公平。从社群主义和亚里士多德的美德伦理学出发,桑德尔主张和谐、节制、自然地利用技术。桑德尔“反对完美”的思想对于当今有关基因编辑伦理问题的分析研究具有重要的启迪。

关键词: 桑德尔, 基因编辑技术, 反对完美, 社群主义, 伦理

Abstract: The debate over whether genetic engineering technology should be used for human enhancement has existed for years. The rapid development of genome-editing technologies dedicated to precision prevention, precision diagnosis and precision treatment has once again aroused people's attention to “enhancement” and “perfection” technologies. The American philosopher Sandel is clearly “against perfection”, who holds that human enhancement based on genome-editing technologies undermines the moral status of nature, weakens the respect for human beings, breaks the balance between goodness and power, and thus brings social injustice. From the perspective of communitarianism and Aristotle's virtue ethics, Sandel advocates the harmonious, moderate and natural use of technologies. Sandel's “against perfection” has important enlightenment for today's analysis and research on the ethical issues of genome-editing technologies.

Key words: Michael Sandel, genome-editing technology, against perfection, communitarianism, ethics

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