Abstract: Scientific and technological consultation is an important tool for modern government to make scientific decision. In serious emergencies， government decision-making matters rely more on scientific and technological consultation because of rich science and technology factors， but scientific and technological consultation-government decision-making mode face many challenges in serious emergencies. The uncertainty of science and the existence of information exchange bias and interaction barriers between science and technology consulting experts and government decision-making departments make it difficult for scientific and technological consultation-government decision-making mode to work in serious emergencies. In the mode of scientific and technological consultation-government decision-making， each party has different interest demands， and the interest game becomes more complex and intense in serious emergencies. Balancing the interest game relationship among the subjects is the basis for optimizing the mode of scientific and technological consultation-government decision-making in serious emergencies. The consultant， the decision-maker and the media should take the balance as the means， guide and serve the public participation as the main line， and realize the consultation and decision-making purpose of safeguarding public interest and meeting legitimate needs of the public.

Key words: serious emergency; scientific and technological consultation; government decision; interest game