Journal of Northeastern University(Social Science)

An Interpretation of the Actor-Network Theory from the Perspective of Philosophy of Organism

WANG Qian， CHEN Jia

2019, 21 (1): 1-7. DOI: 10.15936/j.cnki.1008-3758.2019.01.001

Abstract ( 1283 )

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“Actor” is the core concept of Bruno Latour's actor-network theory(ANT)， which is characterized by regarding both human and non-human things as active actors that can interact by forming a network. From the perspective of philosophy of organism， the agency of non-human actors comes from the transfer of vitality in the interaction of various types of organism， whereas the actor-network embodies the way of existence and the path of interaction of the organism. The philosophical interpretation of the actor-network theory helps to find the purpose and intention of actor-network evolution， and the dynamic mechanism of translation， so that the social construction activities of science and technology can be further explained.

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Can Human Enhancements Serve as Moral Duties?——An Analysis on John Harris' Theory of “Enhancing Evolution”

LIU Zheng

2019, 21 (1): 8-15. DOI: 10.15936/j.cnki.1008-3758.2019.01.002

Abstract ( 678 )

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John Harris' theory of “Enhancing Evolution” underlines that human enhancements not only make better people， but also play a profound role in human evolution. Contemporary human enhancements under advanced technologies can directly edit and engineer human bodies， which greatly shorten the process of human evolution， and replace “natural selection” with “deliberate selection” and Darwinian evolution with “enhancement evolution”. Thus， human enhancements can be seen as “absolute good” or “positive moral duty”. However， Harris' critics think that Harris' definition of “enhancement” is too wide to figure out and “duty” is not clearly defined as well. Accordingly， they deny Harris' arguments and state that enhancements are no more than “prima facie duties”. Finally， the ethics of human enhancements calls for a responsible enterprise， i.e.， only human enhancements as a responsible “enterprise” can be recognized as a moral duty which we should both develop and adopt.

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Threat of Artificial Intelligence: Logical Investigation and Philosophical Analysis

LI Shuai

2019, 21 (1): 14-19. DOI: 10.15936/j.cnki.1008-3758.2019.01.003

Abstract ( 784 )

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In recent years， with the rapid development of artificial intelligence， some scholars are concerned that in the near future， artificial intelligence may threaten human survival. This issue is examined from the philosophical and logical point of view so as to construct an argument of abduction. If artificial intelligence threatens human survival in the future， it must have emotional cognition. To acquire this ability， whole brain simulation is likely to be relied upon and the realization of this technology may face the “exponential explosion”. The current argumentation of this hypothesis is based on induction and does not have the necessary reliability. However， if the thesis of threat is only treated as a belief whereby a gambling similar to the “Pascal's wager” is conducted， risks of a belief becoming the reality can be huge. Thus， it is necessary to take some precautions.

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Bond Market Reaction to High Stock Dividends and Splits ——Empirical Evidence Based on Signal Theory

SHI Jin-yan， HAN Yu-shan， GUO Si-cen

2019, 21 (1): 20-27. DOI: 10.15936/j.cnki.1008-3758.2019.01.004

Abstract ( 539 )

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Based on the signal theory， this paper takes A-share listed companies that announced stock dividends and splits and issuedcorporate bonds from January 1， 2008 to December 31， 2016 as a sample， and uses generalized trend score matching(GPS) method to test the bond market reaction to “high stock dividends and splits”. The results show that stock dividends and splits announcements send good news to bond market， leading to a positive response in the bond market. When the ratio of stock dividends and splits reaches 50%(high stock dividends and splits)， the higher the ratio is， the stronger the positive reaction in the bond market. After further testing the samples according to the bond maturity and credit rating， it is found that the medium and short-term bonds react more positively to “high stock dividends and splits”， while the responses of different credit rating bonds to “high stock dividends and splits” do not differ significantly. The robustness test results based on the event study method are consistent with the results of the generalized tendency score matching method.

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Research on the Effect of Pollutant Source Control Model on the Control of Haze in China

XU Ying-zhi， LIU Chen-yue， CAI Xiao

2019, 21 (1): 28-35. DOI: 10.15936/j.cnki.1008-3758.2019.01.005

Abstract ( 471 )

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In recent years， the rapid economic and social development of many cities in China has led to the problem of haze pollution. The topic of haze pollution frequently appears in everyone's vision. This paper studies the fundamental ways to prevent and control haze in China， i.e. controlling the production of haze pollutants from the source， by analyzing the mechanism of the control of pollutant sources. The results show that the combustion source and industrial source control in lag periods 1， 2， and 3 is the Granger cause of haze pollution. The traffic source control is not the Granger cause of haze pollution. At the same time， the impulse response model shows that control of combustion source， industrial source and traffic source for China's haze pollution has played an inhibitory role， and thus provides a scientific basis for China to make clear the focus of haze prevention and work out control measures from the perspective of controlling the “three sources”.

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Research on Institutional Transformation Factors in the Phenomenon of “Resource Curse” in China

HU Zhi-guang， CHEN Yong-jun

2019, 21 (1): 35-42. DOI: 10.15936/j.cnki.1008-3758.2019.01.006

Abstract ( 463 )

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The “resource curse” refers to the phenomenon that the economy of a region rich in natural resources develops more slowly than that in a resource-poor area. This phenomenon also exists in China's economic activities. And the formation of China's “resource curse” phenomenon has its own unique institutional factors. In the process of institutional transformation， China has generally implemented a double-track price system， which has， on the one hand， improved the overall economic efficiency of the country， and on the other， made the natural resource benefits transfer from resource-dependent areas to non-resource-dependent areas， forming a non-Pareto improvement. Based on the data of 254 prefecture-level cities in China in 1984 and 1986 by using the method of difference-in-difference empirical analysis， it can be found that after the implementation of the double-track price system， resource-dependent areas are losing their advantages in economy and wage growth rate over non-resource-dependent areas. This shows that the double-track price system is more favorable to the economic development of non-resource-dependent areas.

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County-level Supervisory Committees Controlling Grassroots“Micro-corruption”: Practical Value， Realistic Problems and Coping Strategies

LYU Yong-xiang， WANG Li-feng

2019, 21 (1): 43-50. DOI: 10.15936/j.cnki.1008-3758.2019.01.007

Abstract ( 559 )

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Grassroots “micro-corruption” is an important type of corruption. It is of great value for county-level supervisory committees to perfect the governance mechanism for controlling grassroots “micro-corruption”， to enhance grassroots people's sense of gains， and to foster a clean and honest grassroots political ecology. At present， county-level supervisory committees usually have the following problems when they conduct grassroots “micro-corruption” governance: the contradiction between the frequent occurrences of “micro-corruption” cases at the grassroots levels and the “three non-increase” of the supervisory force at county-level supervisory committees， the easy interference of personal Guanxi， and the increase of difficulties in “micro-corruption” governance as a result of collusion between grassroots officials and evil forces. In view of this， county-level supervisory committees need to start from the following three aspects when perfecting the governance mechanism for control of grassroots “micro-corruption”: enhancing corruption governance efficiency of county supervision committees by strengthening the inspectors training and the integration of internal organizations; taking comprehensive measures such as cross-examination and level-up jurisdiction to eliminate interference from basic human factors; combining “micro-corruption” governance at the grassroots levels with the special efforts of cracking down on evil forces.

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Research on Evaluation of Government Environment of Doing Business Based on Principal Component Analysis——Taking the Survey Data of 14 Cities in Liaoning Province as an Example

SUN Ping， CHEN Shi-yi

2019, 21 (1): 51-56. DOI: 10.15936/j.cnki.1008-3758.2019.01.008

Abstract ( 506 )

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From the logical starting point of government intervention theory after the concept of government environment of doing business is clarified， the evaluation index system of government environment of doing business is constructed from the four dimensions of public policy supply， institutional transaction cost， market supervision behavior， and infrastructure services. The empirical evaluation is completed by using principal component analysis on basis of 1346 questionnaires in 14 cities of Liaoning Province. The results show that Liaoning Province has achieved phased results in reducing institutional transaction costs， but there are obvious disadvantages in the supply of public policies， especially in terms of timeliness and transparency of such policies. Meanwhile there are also certain differences among different types of enterprises. Consequently， the government of Liaoning Province should focus on strengthening the government environment of doing business in enterprises and fields with relatively low scores， further improve the level of public policy supply， reduce institutional transaction costs， standardize market supervision， and enhance the quality of infrastructure services.

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Simulation Analysis of Coping Strategies for Public Opinions on Social Networks Based on System Dynamics ——Taking the Yabuli Incident as an Example

CAO Hai-jun， LI Ming

2019, 21 (1): 57-63. DOI: 10.15936/j.cnki.1008-3758.2019.01.009

Abstract ( 517 )

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In the context of the rapid development of information technology， social networking platforms are constantly emerging and widely used. While it brings convenience to life， it also leads to the emergence of public opinions on social networks. How to effectively deal with public opinions on social networks is a new challenge facing the government. After the multi-agent factors with high degree of relevance to public opinions on social networks are analyzed， Vensim PLE software is used to construct the multi-agent coping model for public opinions on social networks， and the specific case of “Yabuli Incident” is used for simulation analysis. The results show that public opinions on social networks are affected by the public opinion events， the media， the netizens， and many government entities and related factors. The government can cope effectively with public opinions on social networks through such measures as improving the ability to control public opinions， regulating and guiding media behaviors， actively channeling netizens' emotions， and improving information transparency， etc.

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Theoretical Reflection and Judicial Application of “Special Confiscation”——From the Perspective of Forfeiture of “Personal Property Used for Crime”

JIN Yi

2019, 21 (1): 64-72. DOI: 10.15936/j.cnki.1008-3758.2019.01.010

Abstract ( 503 )

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Article 64 of the Criminal Law is the regulation of our country concerning special confiscation which in nature is an “independent legal effect” that distinguishes it from penalties and security measures. Confiscating “possessions for the crime” is， in essence， an intervention implemented to safeguard public interests and prohibit the abuse of property rights. The recovery and the order of restitution have only procedural significance， and confiscation is a compulsory measure for the substantive and final nature of the property involved. When special confiscation is applied， it is not necessary to establish a crime， and it is not based on the criminal himself. On the scope of confiscation， it should be followed from the “facts” to the “value” by determining， firstly， the range of criminal object through the selection of such fact elements as the infringement of legal interests and the degree of crime relevance， and then， the necessity of confiscation through the selection of value elements such as the purpose of crime prevention and the concept of property protection.

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Research on Conflicts in the Law and Resolution of Multi-center Governance from the Perspective of National Governance Modernization

HE Yang， LIN Di-fen

2019, 21 (1): 73-81. DOI: 10.15936/j.cnki.1008-3758.2019.01.011

Abstract ( 562 )

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The modernization of national governance system and governance capacity is the direction for political development in China， which particularly emphasizes the multi-center governance order under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. Multi-center governance requires government， social organizations and citizens to take part in the governance together. The legitimacy of the government and social organizations participating in public governance is from the citizens and the legitimacy of the citizen's participation is their natural rights. In theory， the conflicts in the law and the overlap of the three different forms of conflicts in the law that occur under the perspective of subject theory are used as the standard of division. There are 16 types of conflicts in the multi-center governance under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. Two main types of conflicts between different governance entities and internal conflicts of similar governance entities exist. In view of China's actual national conditions， the path design for resolving other conflicts in the law should be treated differently by considering whether such conflicts involve constitutional rights， except those stipulated in the Legislation Law of the People's Republic of China. If conflicts in the law involve constitutional rights， we should turn to the People's Congress and its standing committee; if not， we should introduce case law to resolve them.

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Evaluation System Design of Innovative and Entrepreneurship Education in Colleges and Universities ——From the Perspective of Consumer-oriented Evaluation Theory

JIA Jian-feng， YAO Xu-sheng

2019, 21 (1): 82-89. DOI: 10.15936/j.cnki.1008-3758.2019.01.012

Abstract ( 536 )

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How to evaluate the level of innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities veritably and objectively is of great significance for cultivating innovative and entrepreneurial talents and accelerating the construction of an innovative country. This paper takes the methods of literature research， case analysis and behavioral event interview to extract the evaluative elements of innovation and entrepreneurship education， and then construct a dictionary of evaluation indexes of innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities. Accordingly， based on the theory of consumer-oriented evaluation model and the relatively mature Kirkpatrick's evaluation model in the field of training effect evaluation， this paper explores an evaluation system of innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities with 4 primary indexes， 9 secondary indexes and 22 tertiary indexes from the four levels: reaction， learning， behavior， and results， and provides a reference for the evaluation practice of innovation and entrepreneurship education.

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Comparison and Reference of Chinese and Foreign Collegiate Culture and Urban Culture Interaction

SUN Lei， RAO Jin-bo

2019, 21 (1): 89-95. DOI: 10.15936/j.cnki.1008-3758.2019.01.013

Abstract ( 478 )

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The birth of a university relies heavily on a well-developed city in which it is located. And the university-city relationship is vividly reflected in the interaction between the culture of the university and the culture of the city. The interaction between collegiate culture and urban culture lies in the mutual promotion and conflict between them. From the comparison between domestic and overseas collegiate culture and urban culture， this paper reveals the differences in the interaction mode and interaction content between Chinese and foreign collegiate culture and urban culture， and the consistency in interaction subject and interaction value. On this basis with the experience drawn from foreign countries， a new situation in the interaction between collegiate culture and urban culture will be constructed from the aspects of cultivating collegiate culture with cultural personality and cultural characteristics， creating urban culture with unique taste and unique charm， and deepening the interaction and exchange between collegiate culture and urban culture.

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A Corpus-based Study on Metaphorical Patterns in American Educational Discourse——A Case Study on George W. Bush's and Barack Obama's Speeches on Education

DONG Ge-fei， WANG Qian-qian

2019, 21 (1): 96-103. DOI: 10.15936/j.cnki.1008-3758.2019.01.014

Abstract ( 520 )

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In order to explore the similarities and differences in educational concepts between former American Presidents George Bush and Barack Obama， the author collects the educational speeches delivered during their tenure to generate two corpora and makes an analysis of their respective metaphorical patterns in educational concepts with the help of Wmatrix-a tool for corpus analysis. The research finds that both adopt journey， struggle， contest， investment， sports and games metaphors， while war metaphor is used by Bush only， and building metaphor is used by Obama only. Their metaphorical patterns also vary in terms of metaphor productivity， conventionality and novelty. Such differences can be attributed to the differences in educational concepts embraced by the two parties: Strict Father Model by the Republicans attaching importance to rules and discipline， and Caring Father Model by the Democrats stressing the constructive role of education for the nation as well as for the individual.

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Extroverted Transcendence and Introversion of Jack Kerouac's “Beat” Thought

ZHANG Qi

2019, 21 (1): 104-110. DOI: 10.15936/j.cnki.1008-3758.2019.01.015

Abstract ( 699 )

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“The Beat Generation” occupies a pivotal position in the history of world literature. The great significance of this movement lies in the spiritual exploration of human nature. The eastern Buddhist ideology and western Christian ideology have great influence on “The Beat Generation”. Kerouac， “King of the Beat Generation”， wrote two novels On the Road and The Dharma Bums， which are the representatives of the “Beat” spirit. The two novels are different in the spiritual core in that the former expresses responsibility and extroverted transcendence by comparing the destiny differences of two protagonists while the latter tells the story of how Japhy and Raymond follow the intuition of life to witness the beauty and tranquility of the world， which is internal reflection. The former is about responsibility of the western style and the latter is about peace of the eastern style. The contradiction between the eastern and western thoughts is also embodied in Kerouac's ideological experience， which makes the pursuit of his thought “on the road” forever.

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