Inhibition of Thermal Runaway Propagation of Lithium-Ion Batteries by Side Spray of Ultra-fine Water Mist

doi:10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2025.20230315

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to explore the influence of side spray position on thermal runaway propagation of lithium-ion batteries （LIBs）， a nitrogen and water two-phase flow ultra-fine water mist （NWM） test platform was set up. By changing the position of NWM applied on the side of LIB module， the cooling， thermal radiation attenuation and asphyxiation effects of NWM at different side injection locations， and the dominant mechanism of NWM inhibiting runaway thermal propagation of lithium-ion batteries at different locations were compared and analyzed. The results show that flame can promote the thermal runaway propagation of LIB module. The effect of NWM applied at the pole position on LIB module thermal runaway propagation is more significant， and the smothering and attenuating flame thermal radiation play a leading role. When NWM is applied in the middle position， the dominant mechanism to inhibit runaway thermal propagation is to cool the surface temperature of the LIB module.

Key words: lithium-ion batteries, thermal runaway, nitrogen, ultra-fine water mist, cooling effect

CLC Number:

X 932

Xu-dong LIU, Xue JIANG, Hao HAN, Pei-hong ZHANG. Inhibition of Thermal Runaway Propagation of Lithium-Ion Batteries by Side Spray of Ultra-fine Water Mist[J]. Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science), 2025, 46(5): 145-152.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig.1 Arrangement of test

Table 1 Test conditions

工况	作用位置	SOC	NWM	持续时间/s	气体流量	液体流量	雾滴粒径D_V0.9/μm
工况	作用位置	SOC	NWM	持续时间/s	(L·min^-1)	(mL·min^-1)	雾滴粒径D_V0.9/μm
1		100%	关闭
2	电池中间	100%	开启	60	45	120	96.8
3	电池极耳	100%	开启	60	45	120	96.8

Fig.2 Characteristic processes of lithium-ion battery modules in different working conditions

Fig.3 Thermal runaway propagation time under different working conditions

Fig.4 Picture of the battery after combustion

Fig.5 Variation of O2 and CO2 volume fraction under different working conditions

Fig.6 Lateral radiant heat flow under different working conditions

Fig.7 Battery temperature under different working conditions

Fig.8 Heat conduction flux between batteries under different working conditions

Fig.9 Average temperature rise rate of battery under different working conditions

Fig.10 Average flame temperature under different working conditions

Fig.11 Temperature of battery 2 under different working conditions

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