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15 June 2011, Volume 32 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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An improved robust data preprocessing method based on Fast-MCD algorithm Wang, Wei (1); Zhao, Li-Jie (1); Chai, Tian-You (1) 2011, 32 (6):  761-764.  DOI: - Abstract ( 367 )   HTML   PDF (961KB) ( 1093 )   Robust estimation is usually used for dealing with the outliers in the industry process data. A new robust estimation method is proposed for improving the Fast-MCD algorithm which has random starting value and artificial value of subsection. Fuzzy clustering is adopted to improve the computing efficiency in this method and the clustering center and clustering number are used to replace the starting value and subsection value. This method is implemented to analyze the temperature and conductivity data of sodium aluminate solution, and the simulation results show the proposed method can realize the identification of outliers. It also can reduce the unreasonable influence of outliers to soft sensing. Compared to Fast-MCD, it has the merits such as rapid convergence and high efficiency. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Adaptive sliding mode control using RBF for TCP networks Ye, Cheng-Yin (1); Jing, Yuan-Wei (1) 2011, 32 (6):  765-768.  DOI: - Abstract ( 298 )   HTML   PDF (1671KB) ( 552 )   For the problem of congestion control in TCP networks, an adaptive sliding mode control algorithm is presented based on the RBF neural network. To simplify the design of the sliding mode controller, the uncertain parameters of the systems and the nonlinear compensation of the systems are incorporated into a lumped uncertainty. Since the upper bound of the system uncertainties may not easily be obtained, a RBF neural network is used to learn the upper bound of system uncertainties. And the output of the RBF neural network is used to compensate the upper bound of system uncertainties, so that the effects of the system uncertainties can be eliminated. The RBF neural network is used to design an adaptive sliding mode controller which not only ensure the existence of the sliding mode on the surface and asymptotic stability of the systems, but also eliminate the effects of the system uncertainties. Simulation results verify the favorable stability and robustness of the algorithm. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The application of harmony search algorithm for solving shortest path problems Gao, Li-Qun (1); Yi, Yu-Feng (1); Zheng, Ping (1); Cheng, Wei (1) 2011, 32 (6):  769-772.  DOI: - Abstract ( 339 )   HTML   PDF (1606KB) ( 1127 )   This paper proposed an improved global harmony search algorithm (IGHS) to solve the shortest path (SP) problem. Firstly, a dynamical genetic mutation probability was defined and introduced into the harmony search algorithm, which can effectively prevent the IGHS from trapping into the local optimum. Secondly, a dynamical priority-based encoding approach was used for harmony representation in IGHS, and a path will be built according to the value of decision variable in the harmony vector. The shortest path will be obtained through updating harmonic memory. The experiments have been carried out on different network topologies for networks consisting of 20~100 nodes, and three performance indexes were used to compare the proposed algorithm with PSO-based and traditional harmony search (HS) based shortest path searching algorithm. It is shown that the performance of the proposed algorithm surpasses PSO-based and HS-based approaches for this problem. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Global asymptotic stability of generalized neural networks with infinite distributed delays Gong, Da-Wei (1); Wang, Zhan-Shan (1); Huang, Bo-Nan (1) 2011, 32 (6):  773-776+785.  DOI: - Abstract ( 246 )   HTML   PDF (201KB) ( 709 )   This paper investigates the global asymptotic stability of the neural networks with discrete and infinite distributed delays. Without assuming the boundedness and differentiability of neuron activation function, a new criteria is proposed by way of constructing a suitable Lyapunov function. Using Hadamard product, a vector-matrix form of neural networks with infinite distributed delays is obtained. It solves the problem with infinite distributed delays only by imposing constraints on the interconnected matrices and derivative of time delays. The condition is expressed by a linear matrix inequality, which can be easily computed in MATLAB toolbox. Comparisons between the results and the existing ones through two numerical examples imply the effectiveness of the proposed result. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The variable size memory-based evolutionary algorithm in dynamic environments Guan, Shou-Ping (1); Yin, Xiao-Feng (1) 2011, 32 (6):  777-780.  DOI: - Abstract ( 254 )   HTML   PDF (1579KB) ( 570 )   Traditional memory-based evolutionary algorithms often may not achieve the desired performances in dynamic environments, which is mainly due to the fixed memory size. A variable size memory-based evolutionary algorithm is proposed. The improved memory enhanced evolutionary algorithm (IMEEA), which combines memory population and search population, and hyper-mutation is used to promote and maintain diversity. The two populations have minimum and maximum sizes allowed that change according to the stage of the evolutionary process. Simulation results show that the tracking error of the IMEEA is less than the memory enhanced evolutionary algorithm (MEEA), and then prove the effectiveness of this new algorithm. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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An adaptive threshold surface segmentation algorithm based on improved edge detection using gradient entropy Wei, Ying (1); Wu, Lin (1); Jia, Tong (1); Lin, Ming-Xiu (1) 2011, 32 (6):  781-785.  DOI: - Abstract ( 319 )   HTML   PDF (1942KB) ( 675 )   To solve the segmentation problem of the non-uniform illumination and the wide range distribution of grayscale gradation in target and background, considering the information on edge of an image is insensitive to the change of light, quoting of gradient entropy to improve Canny algorithm to detect appropriate edge. Using polynomial curved surface fitting of least square method to get threshold surface to segment targets in the uneven background, so an adaptive threshold surface segmentation algorithm with improved edge detection has been proposed. Various non-uniform distribution of grayscale gradation in background images were verified, the experiment results indicated that the algorithm could get correct edge information, and get relatively good segmentation results to the images with non-uniform distribution of grayscale gradation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A virtualization techniques based dependability model to enhance security of cloud computing environments Guo, Qiang (1); Sun, Da-Wei (1); Chang, Gui-Ran (1); Wang, Xing-Wei (1) 2011, 32 (6):  786-790.  DOI: - Abstract ( 267 )   HTML   PDF (1709KB) ( 605 )   Security issues in cloud computing are not all technological, rather, it is the issue of reliability, confidence, and lack of clear and enough information about cloud security. In order to improve the security of heterogeneous independent cloud environments, a novel cloud dependability model named CDMV (cloud dependability model by virtualization techniques) is proposed by using virtualization techniques. Our contributions can be summarized as follows: a general formal CDMV model with good scalability by using system-level virtualization techniques for cloud systems is proposed, and systematic analysis on how CDMV model can enhance the system dependability is presented; the proposed CDMV construction is equipped with the definition of dependability in cloud systems and a series of quantitative indicators to evaluate the dependability, which are missing in most existing schemes. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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An energy-saving multi-path routing algorithm used in industrial wireless networks Yi, Xiu-Shuang (1); Wang, Xing-Wei (1); Liu, Xiao-Feng (1); Wu, Wei-Xin (1) 2011, 32 (6):  791-794.  DOI: - Abstract ( 532 )   HTML   PDF (1479KB) ( 656 )   By analyzing the characteristics of industrial wireless network topology, a multi-path routing algorithm for the wireless networks for industrial automation-process automation (WIA-PA) is proposed in this paper. Comparing multi-path with single node forwarding data, and transmitted path selection according to power consumption, forwarding the data with traditional method will more likely to cause excessive energy consumption and reduce the lifetime of the network. In order to increase the network availability, a multi-path algorithm with energy consideration is used. Finally, based on the simulations on OMNET++ simulation platform, simulation experiments show that the protocol designed in this paper ensures a better availability in industrial wireless networks. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A multipath routing algorithm for space information networks Liu, Jun (1); Liu, Xiang-Jun (2); Ye, Ning (1); Sha, Yi (1) 2011, 32 (6):  795-797+801.  DOI: - Abstract ( 377 )   HTML   PDF (962KB) ( 533 )   A multipath routing algorithm is proposed for space information networks on the basis of a deep interview to its characteristics. In the algorithm, a space information network topology is divided into backbone and non-backbone. Since the motions of backbone nodes are periodic and predictive, routs between them are statically configured. In the static configuration, each node is assigned a selection factor that indicates the probability to be selected in a certain route, which effectively avoids network bottleneck. Routs containing non-backbone nodes as a part are generated on demand for dramatic change of non-backbone topology, which makes overhead of rout maintaining under tight control. Multipath routing is constructed adaptively according to network environment, and a load balance mechanism is also designed to balance load among multipath. Rout maintaining automatically operates on the change of topology, which improves autonomous ability of the network. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has a fast convergence speed with little cost, and improves network processing ability, which indicates the algorithm well suits space information networks. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on block modeling algorithm of extra large terrain Yu, Chun-Yang (1); Zhao, Hai (1); Wang, Hong (2) 2011, 32 (6):  798-801.  DOI: - Abstract ( 324 )   HTML   PDF (1315KB) ( 701 )   Fast real-time rendering problems of extra large terrain in VR are studied. A new method of terrain modeling is proposed. This method divides the whole extra large terrain into many smaller tiles, and splices the original terrain according to certain rules with these tiles. The VR program only needs dynamic loading the tiles data which can be seen by client and unloading those which cannot be seen when roaming. This method resolves the memory problem effectively and improves rendering efficiency. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Error analysis and improvement of ultrasonic distance measuring based on TDOA Zhao, Hai (1); Zhang, Kuan (1); Zhu, Jian (1); Li, Da-Zhou (1) 2011, 32 (6):  802-805.  DOI: - Abstract ( 459 )   HTML   PDF (1539KB) ( 1010 )   It's considered that the distance equals the square of sound velocity and time difference in TDOA(time difference of arrival) based distance measuring models which ignore the affect of temperature and other factors. Furthermore, the system timing error has impact on the measurement of time difference. The sources of the inference are analyzed, and the mathematic model is established. According to the experiment, the compensations of temperature, distance attenuation and time difference measurement are achieved. Using the reflection characteristic of ultrasonic, the impact of obstacle on distance measuring is weakened. And through multiple probes, the problem of directivity is solved to some degree. As shown in the experimental results, the proposed system can operate with high stability; its precision of distance measurement and the environmental adaptability are high. Within the measurement region, the error is less than 4 cm. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A range free acoustic localization algorithm in WSN Li, Da-Zhou (1); Zhao, Hai (1); Zhu, Jian (1); Zhang, Kuan (1) 2011, 32 (6):  806-809.  DOI: - Abstract ( 338 )   HTML   PDF (1777KB) ( 853 )   For accomplishing acoustic location in WSN, a range-free acoustic localization algorithm based on perpendicular bisector partition is presented, taking account of reducing computation complexity and weaken the noise disturbing. With adopting a range-free perpendicular bisector partition, this method can ascertain the location block of source and its time complexity is O(N2) which is much lower than traditional methods' O(N3). Based on in-depth research of noise, the concept of sensitive region of noise is proposed. After the improvement, measurement error has been dwindled over 37%. Experiment results show that the method not only executes perfectly in WSN but also has a good locating accuracy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of electroless composite Ni-P-nano-SiC plating on 45# steel Chen, Sui-Yuan (1); Fan, Hong (1); Liang, Jing (1); Liu, Chang-Sheng (1) 2011, 32 (6):  810-813+825.  DOI: - Abstract ( 269 )   HTML   PDF (1705KB) ( 546 )   Electroless plating Ni-P composite coating reinforced with nano-SiC particles on the 45# steel substrate was prepared by adding different contents of nano-SiC particles in an optimized electroless bath. The microstructure, morphology, microhardness, and formation mechanism of the samples were analyzed using micro-hardness tester, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the coatings of Ni-P, Ni-P-SiC are amorphous and the hardness values are 572 HV and 649 HV, respectively. The coatings are converted from amorphous to crystalline by heat treatment and the hardness increases obviously. The maximum hardness of the Ni-P coating and the Ni-P-nano-SiC composite coating is 1045 HV and 1341 HV after heat treatment at 400°C for 1 h. Nano-SiC particles do not take chemical action in electroless bath. They only are deposited in composite coating with the Ni and P and play a particle composite reinforcing role. The Ni-P-nano-SiC composite coating grows in layer mode. Its growth direction is perpendicular to the surface of the steel substrate. Nano-SiC particles can increase the speed of the electroless composite plating and improve the growth of the composite coating with a thin sub-layer mode. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Enrichment behavior of phosphorus in CaO-SiO2-FetO-P2O5 slag Wang, Nan (1); Liang, Zhi-Gang (1); Chen, Min (1); Zou, Zong-Shu (1) 2011, 32 (6):  814-817.  DOI: - Abstract ( 279 )   HTML   PDF (1732KB) ( 629 )   The distribution of phosphorous in bulk slag, inside and outside the 2CaO · SiO2 in the molten CaO-SiO2-FetO-P2O5 slag was investigated. The research results showed that the existing 2CaO · SiO2 solid particles are the condensation sites for the phosphorous enrichment. The enrichment process of phosphorus in the molten slag can be considered as the three substeps: (1) the mass transfer of phosphorus from bulk slag to the surface of 2CaO · SiO2 particle; (2) the formation of 2CaO · SiO2-3CaO · P2O5 solid solution on the surface of 2CaO · SiO2 particle by solid solution reaction, and (3) the diffusion of phosphorus from the product layer of solid solution to the inner of 2CaO · SiO2 particle. Higher temperatures accelerate the phosphorous enrichment. Comparing to the larger 2CaO · SiO2 particles, the completion time of phosphorous enrichment is shorter for the smaller particles, but the larger ones are favorable to the separation of phosphorus-rich phases from bulk slag. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of three-dimensional zone method dynamic mathematic model to rolling delay on reheating furnace Li, Guo-Jun (1); Liu, Xiao-Ting (1); Chen, Hai-Geng (1) 2011, 32 (6):  818-821.  DOI: - Abstract ( 312 )   HTML   PDF (736KB) ( 605 )   A 3-D zone method mathematic model of reheating furnace was established based on energy balance to calculate the radiative heat transfer in a reheating furnace. The computational method of a dynamic mathematic model was given based on the steady-state model and applied in reheating furnace for rolling delay process analysis. The simulation results showed that the influence of rolling delay on the heat transfer process last for a long time. The flexible heating strategy should be adopted once the delay occurs. Specifically, fuel supply should be relatively substantially reduced and keep in a period of time after delay for the short time delay. For long delay, fuel supply should start to be reduced in an appropriate moment before delay, and began to gradually restore to the original quantity after delay. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Continuous graphitizing technology Chen, Wen-Zhong (1); Li, Xiao-Kun (1) 2011, 32 (6):  822-825.  DOI: - Abstract ( 318 )   HTML   PDF (1101KB) ( 1365 )   High-purified loose artificial graphite is widely used in metallurgy, chemical and machinery industries. However, there exist many problems in high-purified loose artificial graphite production, such as long heat cycle, high consumption, serious environmental pollution, uneven product quality, and so on. Continuous graphitizing technology, continuous graphitizing furnace and efficient energy recycling systems were put forward and developed based on the application prospect of the high-purified loose graphite application and graphitization mechanism. The industrial experiment showed that continuous graphitizing technology not only can produce different graphitization degree of high purity artificial graphite according to different uses but also can reach the purpose of energy recovery and recycling, high quality, high yield, low consumption and environmental protection. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Experiment on pressure oxidation for refractory gold concentrate with chlorination leaching Kim, Chang-Sok (1); Zhang, Ting-An (1); Zeng, Yong (1); Mu, Wang-Zhong (1) 2011, 32 (6):  826-830.  DOI: - Abstract ( 286 )   HTML   PDF (1621KB) ( 867 )   Pressure oxidation process was used to treat domestic refractory gold concentrate. The effects of reaction temperature, concentrate particle, oxygen partial pressure, initial acid concentration and reaction time on desulfurization rate and leaching rate of gold were investigated. Raw ore and residue were characterized by XRD, XRF, SEM and EDX. The desulfurization rate is 93.85% when the temperature is 180°C, concentrate particle size is -0.075~+0.061 mm, oxygen partial pressure is 0.8 MPa, initial acid concentration is 60 g/L, liquid-solid ratio is 4:1, reaction time is 120 min, and stirring speed is 600 r/min. The oxidation residue was used to extract gold using chlorination leaching (NaCl of 50 g/L and NaClO of 8 g/L). The leaching rate of gold is above 94.54% when the temperature is 30°C, pH arrangement is 4.5~5.0, liquid-solid ratio is 3:1, stirring speed is 300 r/min and reaction time is 180 min. The leaching rate of gold is 42.56% when the gold concentrate is not pretreated. Pretreatment plays an important role in rising leaching rate of gold. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reliability-based sensitivity analysis of oil-film instability of radial journal bearings with hydrodynamic lubrication Zhao, Qun-Chao (1); Zhang, Yi-Min (1) 2011, 32 (6):  831-833+858.  DOI: - Abstract ( 287 )   HTML   PDF (1901KB) ( 636 )   According to the theory of components reliability sensitivity, the reliability-based sensitivity of radial journal bearings under the hydrodynamic lubrication are analyzed, in which some analysis about the correlation between the various parameters are carried out. Without losing the accuracy, the process of the calculation is substantially increased in efficiency by simplifying of the theoretical model, and finally the numerical simulation results are given to test the theoretical derivation. All of the analysis provides some theoretical basis for the selecting and using the hydrodynamic radial journal bearings and the stiffness design of whole shaft system in the engineering practice. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Monte Carlo method for computing of reliability and sensitivity of mechanical components with dependent failure modes Yan, Ming (1); Zhang, Yi-Min (1); Sun, Zhi-Li (1); Li, He (1) 2011, 32 (6):  834-837.  DOI: - Abstract ( 262 )   HTML   PDF (1758KB) ( 537 )   A mechanical component may fail in many modes that are usually not independent. Based on some hypotheses and simplified models, the reliability and sensitivity in correlated failure modes can be obtained by theoretical approaches which, however, bring large errors. According to the definitions of the sensitivity and partial derivative, the mathematical models about the reliability and sensitivity are put forward and solved by Monte Carlo method. How to obtain an appropriate sampling size and increment of the random variables is also discussed. Without considering the relationship between the failure modes, the distribution patterns of the random variables and the ultimate state functions, the reliability and sensitivity in the correlated failure modes can be achieved by utilizing Monte Carlo method. This method is thus accurate and would be widely useful. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reliability analysis of nonlinear vibration response for gear system with stochastic parameters Sun, Zhi-Li (1); Yuan, Zhe (2) 2011, 32 (6):  838-842.  DOI: - Abstract ( 301 )   HTML   PDF (823KB) ( 587 )   The reliability of nonlinear vibration response for gear system with stochastic parameters is defined with the failure criteria that the random amplitude exceeds the prescribed value in a vibration cycle. With a combination of the numerical solution of nonlinear vibration and dynamic reliability theory, this paper deduces the nonlinear vibration response reliability formula by up-crossing approach for gear system, and calculates the reliability of a gear system with stochastic parameters. The study shows that the approach is efficient to calculate such vibration response reliability of complex gear system. The amplitude of the system changes little when the nonlinear vibration response is periodic. However, when the response turns to be chaotic vibration due to the change of frequency ratio, the system is easy to fail within one amplitude period. As a result, the reliability is very low. The chaotic vibration thus needs to be avoided in the design. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Monte Carlo simulation and fault tree analysis to the reliability calculation of the crane girder Zhao, Xin (1); Yang, Qiang (1); Zhang, Lei (1); Sun, Zhi-Li (1) 2011, 32 (6):  843-845.  DOI: - Abstract ( 345 )   HTML   PDF (731KB) ( 751 )   The traditional analyzing methods of fracture machanics and fatigue strength have the disadvantage of neglecting some factors in the safety design of the crane girder. This paper proposes to combine the Monte Carlo method and the fault tree analysis to study the reliability of the crane girder. Taking a certain crane girder as an example, we build the failure model according to the fault tree analysis and then simulate the reliability by using Monte Carlo method. The results confirm the feasibility and efficiency of this method that provides a reference for the reliability analysis and the safety design of the crane girder. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics of the point grinding surface texture and its effects on evaluation parameters of the surface roughness Chao, Cai-Xia (1); Yang, Sheng-Miao (1); Xiu, Shi-Chao (1) 2011, 32 (6):  846-849.  DOI: - Abstract ( 333 )   HTML   PDF (1449KB) ( 639 )   The quick-point grinding is mainly used to process shafts. The characteristics of the surface texture are different from that of the general cylindrical grinding for the reason that there is a variable of point grinding angle. Based on the analysis of the geometry of point grinding, the calculation model of the point grinding texture direction is built, and the characteristics of the point grinding texture and its influencing factors are explored. Moreover, this paper analyzed the effects of the texture direction on the evaluation parameters of the surface roughness and the tribology characteristics in terms of the measured value of the work processed by cylindrical grinding and simulation results of the point grinding texture characteristics. The results show that the works with different texture directions have different evaluation parameters of the surface roughness. There is an optimal texture direction angle for the surface roughness in the profile perpendicular to the moving direction. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization design of CNC machine tool spindle based on genetic algorithm Guo, Chen-Guang (1); Wang, Peng-Jia (1); Tian, Peng (1); Liu, Yong-Xian (1) 2011, 32 (6):  850-853.  DOI: - Abstract ( 453 )   HTML   PDF (1618KB) ( 668 )   A mathematical model of CNC machine tool spindle optimization design is established by analyzing the spindle's structure and the deformation under load in the working situation. To solve the problems of the traditional optimization design, this article applies the genetic algorithm, which combines the real number coding rule and an improved genetic operator, to the optimization design of the spindle. In the platform of VC++, the CNC machine tool spindle is optimizingly designed based on the genetic algorithm. According to the example design and result analysis, the spindle structural parameters obtained by the optimization design are shown to be more reliable than that of the traditional ones. It suggests the benefits and potential applications of the use of genetic algorithm in the spindle optimization design. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A signature identification method based on mathematical morphology Huang, Hai-Long (1); Wang, Hong (1); Li, Wei (2) 2011, 32 (6):  854-858.  DOI: - Abstract ( 320 )   HTML   PDF (1330KB) ( 611 )   It is much more complex and difficult for off-line signature identification attributable to the limitation of available information. To solve the problem, a signature identification method based on mathematical morphology is proposed. The signature image is gray-scaled, binarized, filtered, negated and normalized at the stage of preprocess; strokes which possess distinctive directional characteristics are extracted by using mathematical morphology and combining different scales/directions structure element; finally the judgements are made for samples in accordance with the length, thickness and distance of the strokes. Experimental results show that the proposed method can enhance the accuracy rate effectively and improve the real-time performance. It is a try beneficial to applying new methods to off-line signature identification with potential practical applications. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Numerical simulation of rockburst failure induced transient unloading under different axial stress Huang, Zhi-Ping (1); Tang, Chun-An (2); Zhao, Wen (1) 2011, 32 (6):  859-863.  DOI: - Abstract ( 274 )   HTML   PDF (3296KB) ( 674 )   The numerical tests of rock specimens were simulated by using the code of RFPA2D with confining pressure transiently unloaded. The objective is to study the mechanism and process of the rockburst under different geostatic stress conditions, which is caused by transient unloading during the excavation of the actual engineering such as underground tunnels and chambers. A numerical test of uniaxial loading was carried out, and then several rockburst experiments with same confining pressure transiently unloaded were carried out under different axial stresses. The simulation results verified that (1) the failure of specimens is concentrated on some narrow belt. Only a few micro-seismic events happen before total failure, whereas large area damage and cracks occur after transiently unloading. Then critical breach on the whole specimen is caused nearby the free surface during unloading test. On the contrary, micro-seismic events hardly happen before transient unloading; (2) the combination of primary slabby shade failure of split and secondary shearing failure is presented when confining pressure is quickly unloaded under a low axial stress. Block breakage of shearing failure takes on principally when confining pressure is moved away suddenly under high axial stress. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Stability analysis of underground stope based on strength reduction theory Yang, Yu-Jiang (1); Zhuang, Wen-Guang (2); Wang, Zhao-Ya (2); Li, Yuan-Hui (1) 2011, 32 (6):  864-867.  DOI: - Abstract ( 308 )   HTML   PDF (1445KB) ( 828 )   According to preparation and cut engineering of stage room mining method in Dongfeng mining area of Linglong gold mine, strength reduction finite element method was introduced into the underground stope stability analysis. The calculation results showed that the transfixion of equivalent plastic strain in wall rock is not suitable to define the complex underground stope. The deformation of wall rock shows a good agreement with the number or volume of failure elements tending to rise suddenly and sharply. The general safety of caverns is obtained when the result of simulated excavation showed that the underground stope failure. Using the underground caverns strength reduction technique, the general safety factor of cut slot in two stages was gained, which is 2.14 and 1.94. The calculation results showed that the safety factor is high enough to maintain the stability of underground stope. This method has guidance to popularize the stage room mining method in similar mining area. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on cross-hole sonic logging detecting pouring piles of large-diameter Wang, Shu-Hong (1); Zhang, Xin (2); Zhao, Zhen-Dong (3); Yu, Zhi-Hua (1) 2011, 32 (6):  868-870.  DOI: - Abstract ( 217 )   HTML   PDF (1509KB) ( 637 )   Based on pile detection work of a project in Shenyang, the integrity of large-diameter piles was detected by cross-hole sonic logging to determine the integrity categories of the piles. The structure strength of piles was estimated according to the theory of nondestructive exam. Statistical analysis method was used to establish the regression formulation of sound's speed to strength. The results showed a good agreement with the project fact, and provided a simple and fast method to determine the concrete strength of the pile body. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Schemes for disposing complex goaf in Huanren lead-zinc mine Liu, Hong-Lei (1); Yang, Tian-Hong (1); Huang, De-Yu (2); Liu, Ai-Jun (2) 2011, 32 (6):  871-874.  DOI: - Abstract ( 351 )   HTML   PDF (2704KB) ( 640 )   Surface subsidence is not allowed in Huanren lead-zinc mine. A lot of goaf were formed in underground because of various reasons. In addition, many orebodies under the goaf still need be mined. To prevent the potential danger of rock burst and ensure the deep orebodies are mined in normal, the interval layers should be remained to ensure safety. The 3D FEM code FLAC was applied to study the stress distribution in the whole goaf. The results showed that the interval layers are remained in -560 level with 12 m thick which can effectively share stress distribution and ensure following safety mining. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Product size characteristics of low-grade hematite in high pressure grinding roll Yuan, Zhi-Tao (1); Liu, Lei (1); Yan, Yang (2); Han, Yue-Xin (1) 2011, 32 (6):  875-878.  DOI: - Abstract ( 229 )   HTML   PDF (1449KB) ( 710 )   This paper studied the comminuted hematite product size characteristics in different processes of high pressure grinding roll(HPGR), including open circuit operation, closed circuit operation with edge product recycles and classification. The results showed that with the specific pressing force increased, the fineness of products decreases and the size distribution becomes more uniform owing to a higher increasing ratio of the F50/P50 reduction ratio than that of the F80/P80 and F20/P20 reduction ratio. The fineness of products decreases with the increasing of edge product circulating mass, while the size distribution becomes more non-uniform resulting from a higher increasing ratio of the F80/P80 reduction ratio than that of the F50/P50 and F20/P20 reduction ratio. Compared with jaw crusher, HPGR gives a higher reduction ratio and more fines in the process of closed circuit and produces a more uniform particle size distribution. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental study of T-section pre-cracked reinforced concrete beams strengthened with near surface mounted CFRP Xu, Ming-Lei (1); Zhu, Fu-Sheng (1); Sheng, Guo-Hua (1); Liu, Hong-Tao (1) 2011, 32 (6):  879-882.  DOI: - Abstract ( 267 )   HTML   PDF (1455KB) ( 543 )   In order to recognize the effects of the pre-cracked degree and the shear strengthening parameters on the performance of the reinforced concrete beams, 9 T-section pre-cracked reinforced concrete beams strengthened with near surface mounted CFRP sheets are tested. The failure modes, internal force and deflections of the strengthened concrete beams are analyzed. The results show that the reinforcement by embedding the CFRP sheets remarkably improves the flexural ultimate bearing capacity. Under the micro-crack condition, the failure mode of all the beams strengthened with CFRP sheets is the debonding of the CFRP sheets from the adhesive layer of epoxy. The pre-cracked degree of the beams has little influence on both the ultimate bearing capacity and the failure modes of the strengthened concrete beams, but has bigger effect on the beam deflection. The bigger the pre-cracked degree is, the more the beam deflects. A better bending performance of the strengthened beams can be achieved if reliable shear strengthening is assured. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A method for uncertain linguistic multiple criteria decision making based on risk attitude factor Zhang, Yao (1); Fan, Zhi-Ping (1) 2011, 32 (6):  883-886.  DOI: - Abstract ( 292 )   HTML   PDF (159KB) ( 800 )   For multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) problems with uncertain linguistic information, a decision analysis method based on risk attitude factor is proposed. Firstly, the MCDM problem with incomplete uncertain linguistic judgment is described; then, missing values in the judgment are replaced by maximum linguistic interval and complete uncertain linguistic judgment is obtained; thus, the normalized complete uncertain linguistic judgment is transformed into two-tuple judgment by uncertain linguistic mapping function involving risk attitude factor; therefore, appraisal value of each alternative is calculated using ETOWA operator, and the ranking of alternatives is obtained by the comparison of linguistic two-tuple. Finally, a numerical example is used to illustrate the difference of alternative ranking through picking up different risk attitude factors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the small-world characteristics and stability of industrial symbiosis network evolution Huang, Xun-Jiang (1) 2011, 32 (6):  887-890.  DOI: - Abstract ( 252 )   HTML   PDF (929KB) ( 545 )   The industrial symbiosis networks can be divided into autonomous entities symbiosis and compound entities symbiosis. This paper studied their small-world characteristics and stability in the evolution process based on the complex networks theory for the cases of Kalundborg of Denmark and China's Guitang group, respectively. The main findings were: (i) The small-world characteristics of the two symbiosis modes were gradually enhanced during their evolutions whether it was autonomous or compound entities symbiosises. (ii) The autonomous entities symbiosis can withstand more severely dynamic, selective and continuous point attack than the compound one. However, when facing dynamic, selective and continuous edge attack, the compound entities symbiosis was more stable than the autonomous one in the very early stages because its network structure was planned deliberately. But as the attack went on, its resistant ability dropped rapidly than that of the autonomous entities symbiosis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Dynamic comprehensive evaluation model of incomplete index preference information and its application Huang, Wei-Qiang (1); Yao, Shuang (2); Guo, Ya-Jun (1) 2011, 32 (6):  891-894+899.  DOI: - Abstract ( 336 )   HTML   PDF (1795KB) ( 673 )   Based on the dynamic comprehensive evaluation approach of scatter degree, this paper constructs a dynamic comprehensive evaluation model of incomplete index preference information with considering the influences of time weights and index weights. During the determination of index weights, the "difference drive" and "function drive" are used. When determining the time weights, we use the "time degree" concept and explain it further. The model can reflect the objective preference of decision maker among the indices as well as the subjective differences among evaluation units. Moreover, the "time degree" can reflect the decision maker's preference on recent data. Finally, the application of this model is given for the public expenditure performance evaluation of Liaoning province. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Slotting allowance behavior of retailers in the perspective of industrial organization Chen, Hao (1); Li, Kai (1) 2011, 32 (6):  895-899.  DOI: - Abstract ( 224 )   HTML   PDF (1401KB) ( 517 )   A model which connects lump sum slotting fee and industrial output was built to study the relationship between the retailer's buyer power and its slotting allowance behavior. The effects of slotting allowance behavior on the efficiency of the industrial chain were analyzed using Stackelberg game logic. The results showed that the retailer's slotting allowance behavior can improve the industrial chain efficiency. The retailer's profit and the total industrial chain profit will be enhanced with the increased retailer's buyer power. However, this will harm the manufacturer's profit. The retailer can choose a special form of slotting allowance to maximize the industrial chain efficiency to the vertical integration level. The distribution of profit between the manufacturer and the retailer will be exogenously decided by the retailer's buy power. Comparing with the Spengler's model, the retailer's slotting allowance behavior will benefit the total industry efficiency, the consumer surplus and the social welfare as a whole. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A robust optimization model for fund allocation of bankcard network based on scenario generation Gao, Ying (1); Chang, Zhong-Wen (1); Zou, Yi (1) 2011, 32 (6):  900-903.  DOI: - Abstract ( 276 )   HTML   PDF (1266KB) ( 544 )   This paper studies the fund allocation problem in the environment of China UnionPay Network. Based on analyzing the fund demands of bankcard in China UnionPay Network, we establish a robust optimization model for fund allocation of bankcard network by using robust optimization. In this model, we describe the uncertain fund demands of bankcards by a hybrid scenario generation based on simulation and optimization. Moreover, we simulate the model by genetic algorithm optimization toolbox in the Matlab and obtain the cash and account funds which banks in the network should prepare for satisfying the uncertain fund demands. The result shows that the cash and account funds obtained from the model can satisfy the uncertain fund demands of bankcards. It ensures both the stability and the maximization of the total profit of the network. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The human all-round development evaluation model and its empirical research based on G1-Gini combination weighting Li, Gang (1); Wang, Cui-Ping (1); Pang, Wei-Hong (1); Jiang, Yu-Xi (2) 2011, 32 (6):  904-907.  DOI: - Abstract ( 264 )   HTML   PDF (971KB) ( 613 )   According to the insisting on human-oriented connotation of the scientific outlook on development, this paper constructed a comprehensive evaluation index system and a model of the human all-round development based on G1-Gini coefficient and analyzed the data of China's 10 sub-provincial cities. The innovation and characteristics of this work can be found from the following three aspects. Firstly, by setting up the criterias of the quality of human life, the environment of social development and the ecological environment, the index system reflected the harmony between human and human, human and society, and human and nature. Secondly, through the G1 and the Gini coefficient of index system combination weighting, index weight reflected not only the expertise but also data of objective information. Thirdly, it gave out the key indicators which affected the human all-round development through empirical research on 10 sub-provincial cities. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on supply chain optimization of risk averse and coordination contract model Yu, Chun-Yun (1); Zhao, Xi-Nan (2); Guan, Zhi-Min (2); Peng, Yan-Dong (1) 2011, 32 (6):  908-912.  DOI: - Abstract ( 388 )   HTML   PDF (1908KB) ( 773 )   This paper introduces the recently developed financial risk control tool-the conditional value-at-risk to the study of the risk-averse supply chain optimization and coordination. First, for a two-echelon supply chain with a single supplier and retailer, we construct the conditional value-at-risk model, the optimal ordering quantity model and the returns contract model based on conditional value-at-risk under random demand and different risk-averse characteristics. Based on the analysis of the models, it then reveals the impact of the risk aversion of the supplier and retailer on the supply chains coordination and cooperation stability, the optimal ordering quantity and the buy-back price. Finally, we also give a numerical example to verify the conclusions. References | Related Articles | Metrics