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15 February 2005, Volume 26 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Infrared image edge detection based on multiplex order morphology transformation Chi, Jian-Nan (1); Fang, Shuai (1); Zeng, Peng-Xin (1); Xu, Xin-He (1) 2005, 26 (2):  103-106.  DOI: - Abstract ( 233 )   HTML   PDF (187KB) ( 521 )   A new method of infrared image edge detection based on multiplex order morphology transformation is put forward against such shortcomings of infrared image as low contrast, edge faintness, high noise level and spatial correlativity. The image is thus enhanced through adaptive accommodation coefficient determined by local mean value and variance. Arithmetic of morphology edge sharpening is used to improve edge definition. To extract edge and control noise of infrared image effectively, three generalized morphological operators are constructed on the basis of the concept and properties correlating to multiplex order morphology transformation. The experimental results showed that the method presented is more effective than conventional detection to overcome the defects of infrared image and keep fully on the subtle parts of image edges. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Combination rules for distributed evidences based on distance decay Shi, Sui-Xiang (1); Yu, Ge (1) 2005, 26 (2):  107-109.  DOI: - Abstract ( 220 )   HTML   PDF (214KB) ( 603 )   The localizability and credibility of distributed evidences are considered and, as a result, it is found that the reliability of an evidence weakens with increasing distance even if its source is reliable, and that a paradox is often possible if basing an evidence on the conventional D-S theory. The problem has been ignored until now and still regarded as that the evidence is reliable. To solve the problem, a distance function is used to estimate the validity of an evidence and it is further introduced in the mass function so as to express how the validity of the evidence changes. Then, the original evidences coming from the observing points at different distances are converted so as to combine them together, and the combination rules are compared with those in conventional D-S theory through experiments. The results show that the way proposed here has higher adaptability than conventional D-S rules for the possibility estimate of the extensive area outside the distributed observing points. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reverse rerouting mechanism in mobile wireless internet Wang, Xing-Wei (1); Yuan, Chang-Qing (1); Song, Bo (1); Huang, Min (2) 2005, 26 (2):  110-113.  DOI: - Abstract ( 216 )   HTML   PDF (658KB) ( 418 )   With the architectural features of mobile wireless Internet and the characteristics of user mobility taken into account, a reverse rerouting mechanism is presented on the basis of an analysis of partial rerouting and complete rerouting mechanisms. The proposed mechanism integrates reverse rerouting algorithm with resource handover/reservation seamlessly, and carries out reverse rerouting or complete rerouting alternatively as the case may be. Simulation results showed that the mechanism enables the signaling overhead for handover to be reduced and the network resource utilization rate improved, so as to provide significant support to mobile users' the QoS (quality of service) guarantees. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Routing protocol with mobility prediction in mobile ad-hoc networks Wang, Qing-Hui (1); Sun, Jun-Suo (1); Wang, Guang-Xing (1) 2005, 26 (2):  114-117.  DOI: - Abstract ( 230 )   HTML   PDF (237KB) ( 773 )   Introducing the routing protocol of MANET and comparing it with others, a routing protocol with mobility prediction available to both route finding and maintenance stages, which is named as PAODV (Predictable AODV), is proposed on the basis of the ad-hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV). It can acquire such information as the position, velocity and moving direction of moving nodes via GPS, and take the time predicted for the adjacent nodes in link to move within the max. useful communication range as a judgement criterion. Then, build relatively steady routes in route finding stage, and further, predict in advance the moment at which the link just breaks down in route maintenance stage, thus reducing package's lass rate and the overhead due to the time for route restructuring. The simulation results showed that PAODV has lower control overhead and higher package delivery rate than AODV. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Efficient load equalization routing algorithm Li, Zhe (1); Jin, Chun-Hui (1); He, Rong-Xi (2) 2005, 26 (2):  118-121.  DOI: - Abstract ( 268 )   HTML   PDF (189KB) ( 527 )   Because of the different numbers of wavelength in different optic fibers, the existing RWA algorithms of the WDM network are studied to design a new cast function with a new efficient routing algorithm proposed. When choosing a route, this algorithm will enable the path including the key link to be avoided as possible so as to distribute evenly all the services within a network to each and every link, thus more adaptable to irregular topology. The heavier the load on network, the better the performance of the algorithm. The algorithm is simulated for dynamic services under different loads, and the results showed that the performance of the network is improved with the block rate decreased. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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- - 2005, 26 (2):  122-124.  DOI: - Abstract ( 200 )   HTML   PDF (133KB) ( 529 )   - References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Microcrystal growth morphology of polypropylene thin films under action of electromagnetic field Liu, Qiang (1); Cui, Jian-Zhong (1); Liu, Xiao-Tao (1); Xu, Guang-Ming (1) 2005, 26 (2):  125-128.  DOI: - Abstract ( 215 )   HTML   PDF (207KB) ( 642 )   The changes of crystal structure of polypropylene thin films in their melting-crystallization process under the action of static and alternating electromagnetic fields were investigated and compared with each other by polarizing microscopy. The results showed that the melted polymer is liable to be affected by electromagnetic field so as to form inducible dipoles and its morphology of molecular linkage is different from that as not acted by the field in crystallization process. Spherulites are stretched by the magnetizing force and tend to orientate their crystallization along the direction of the field, thus forming an additional whisker zone in the leading-edge crystallization region due to the traction effect of electromagnetic field. Meanwhile, the polarization effect causes the radiated lamellar crystals to grow from twist form to stretch form, so that the ring-like extinction contour disappears. On the other hand, the magnetostatic field restrains the nucleation in the polymer, thus decreasing the nucleation rate and increasing the spherulite size. It was also revealed that the alternating electromagnetic field has a slight effect on the morphology of spherulites but plays an electromagnetic stirring role in crystallization process to improve nucleation rate and decrease spherulite size. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cooling process control of rolled plate Gong, Cai-Jun (1); Yu, Ming (1); Cai, Xiao-Hui (1); Wang, Guo-Dong (1) 2005, 26 (2):  129-132.  DOI: - Abstract ( 190 )   HTML   PDF (224KB) ( 807 )   The cooling process of rolled plate only depend on feedforward model, but the existing precision of commonly used temperature models are not high enough for controlling properly the process. A differential equation was therefore deduced as the model to control the plate cooling process, of which the 1st and 2nd, especially the self-learning modifications were carried out for calculation in combination with the reform of the cooling control system for Shougang's Plate Mill, thus providing the precision systematically for its temperature control. A calculation using a heat transfer coefficient is presented in plate laminar cooling to adapt to the plate cooling characteristics, then a selflearning algorithm of laminar flow cooling is given, by which the model's control precision is further improved. The control cooling system has been applied to Shougang's Plate Mill and showed a 96.5% acceptability in temperature control. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of roll force distribution between rolls on a six-high mill Bai, Jin-Lan (1); Wang, Jun-Sheng (1); Wang, Guo-Dong (1); Liu, Xiang-Hua (1) 2005, 26 (2):  133-136.  DOI: - Abstract ( 230 )   HTML   PDF (169KB) ( 772 )   Rolls' deformation and roll force distribution between rolls on a six-high mill are calculated by influence function method to study the influence of single-taper crowned intermediate rolls on the roll force distribution between rolls and transverse distribution of strip thickness. The results show that the intermediate rolls can improve the roll force distribution between rolls and decrease considerably the peak value of the roll force while the transverse thickness difference of strip increases slightly and attains its maximum value at strip edge. The roll force distribution and transverse distribution of strip thickness with intermediate rolls tapered differently are calculated, and the optimal range of taper is determined 1/100-1/150 by comparing strip edge thickness to the peak value of roll force. Thus, the peak value of roll force can be decreased by 15%-20%, and the transverse thickness difference of strip increased by just few microns. Due to such an improvement, the strip shape can meet the standard required. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Crystallizability of potash fertilizer synthesized by desiliconized slag Shen, Jian-Guo (1); Guo, Chun-Yuan (1); Yu, Jing-Kun (1); Jiang, Mao-Fa (1) 2005, 26 (2):  137-140.  DOI: - Abstract ( 242 )   HTML   PDF (174KB) ( 456 )   The potash fertilizer synthesized using desiliconized slag and potassium carbonate is discussed, as well as the influences of the amount of potassium oxide as main raw material and its heating temperature, holding time and cooling mode and amounts of other oxides added on its crystallizability. The results showed that the potash fertilizer can be synthesized using desiliconized slag and potassium carbonate, and the synthesized potash fertilizer is composed of K-containing crystalline Ca1.917 K0.166SiO4, crystalline Ca2SiO4 and other K-containing amorphous compounds. The factors as above were proved no obvious effects on the crystallizability of the fertilizer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Dynamically fast response model for solidification process of large-size esr ingots Liu, Xi-Hai (1); Chen, Yuan-Yuan (1); Li, Bao-Kuan (1) 2005, 26 (2):  141-144.  DOI: - Abstract ( 263 )   HTML   PDF (399KB) ( 562 )   To investigate the effect of solidification process on electroslag remelting (ESR) ingots's quality, a dynamically fast response model has been developed for large-size ESR ingots in their solidifying processes. In the modeling process, the control-volume method is introduced to discretize the algebraic equations, and the added source term method is used to solve the rapidly iterative convergence problem of a non-linear model. The temperature field and pool shape predicted with the model conform well with the experimental results. Based on the model, a simulation was conducted for the dynamic temperature distribution and pool shape in the solidification process of a typical large-size ESR ingot. The results showed that the pool shape will basically be kept stable if the ingot's height increases linearly and its aspect ratio is over 1:1. The casting rate doesn't affect much the max. depth of pool if the rate is low, but will be more obviously if the rate increases. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental investigation on minimum ignition temperature (MIT) of dust concomitant with grain Li, Gang (1); Liu, Xiao-Yan (1); Zhong, Sheng-Jun (1); Dang, Jun-Xiang (1) 2005, 26 (2):  145-147.  DOI: - Abstract ( 214 )   HTML   PDF (688KB) ( 837 )   An experimental setup was established according to IEC standard to investigate 8 kinds of dust concomitant with grain for their MITs of dust cloud and layer(MITC and MITL), which were sampled in-situ from actual grain processing line. The influences of inorganic ash, particle size and moisture on MIT were thus tested. It was found that in grain handling process the late phase is even more hazardous than the early phase, and the safety margin in existing explosion-proof design procedure based on the data of refined flour and starch is excessive in practice. Some parameter sets as practical temperature criteria are therefore put forward on the experimental basis for selecting properly explosion-proof equipment in grain processing industry. They will be of importance to the evaluation of dust ignition/explosion hazards. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Leaching behavior of calcium aluminate slag from blast furnace under microwave radiation heating Tong, Zhi-Fang (1); Bi, Shi-Wen (1); Yang, Yi-Hong (1) 2005, 26 (2):  148-151.  DOI: - Abstract ( 290 )   HTML   PDF (180KB) ( 585 )   The leaching behavior of calcium aluminate slag from blast furnace under microwave radiation heating was investigated. Discusses the influences of microwave radiation power, the concentration of leaching solution Na2Oc and the ratio of liquid to solid on the slag leaching reaction, and compares them with those under traditional heating. The result indicated that the alumina leaching rate and temperature of reaction system both increase with microwave power, and the temperature of reaction system is not constant before it reaches the boiling point of leaching solution. Comparing the microwave radiation heating with traditional heating, it is found that the leaching rate of alumina from slag is much faster if heated by microwave radiation and, if the leaching rate is kept the same, the mass concentration of Na2Oc solution can be reduced with shortened time under microwave radiation heating. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative study on EP and AW performance of three kinds of gear oil additive compounds Li, Qing-Zhong (1); Yu, Xiu-Kun (2); Hu, Jun-Hong (1); Ding, Jin-Yuan (1) 2005, 26 (2):  152-155.  DOI: - Abstract ( 267 )   HTML   PDF (181KB) ( 626 )   The performance of EP (extreme pressure) and AW (anti-wear) of the gear oil 500 SN in which the three additive compounds HL-343, Hitec-343 and Mobil-252 have separately been added was investigated to explore the mechanisms of those additive compounds with an antioxidizing test done in drying oven for the gear oil specimen. The results indicated that HL-343 in 500 SN oil presents the highest pB and relatively high pB with little worn-out scar due to low load for long time, where pB is the max. anti-sticking load and pB the burn-off load. The main reason is discussed as that the active free phosphorous released from the compound HL-343 under friction will form a thin film with low shear strength to reduce frictional wear. The compound HL-343 has high antioxidizing performance in drying oven and comprehensive wearability which is superior to both Hitec-343 and Mobil-252. So, the domestic additive HL-343 can completely substitute for the similar imports. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Numerical analysis of response to vibration of turbine blades Li, Yong-Qiang (1); Guo, Xing-Hui (1) 2005, 26 (2):  156-159.  DOI: - Abstract ( 192 )   HTML   PDF (324KB) ( 599 )   The difficulties found in solving the forced vibration equation of turbine blades are mainly the problem how to determine the exciting force acted on blades and the choice of an appropriate computation model. A nonlinear strain-displacement relationship is therefore developed in terms of the exciting force acted on turbine blades. Then, based on virtual work principle, a forced vibration equation of the blades which were twisted and bended to a certain degree is given. Further, a response function to blades' vibration is given by iterative process for relevant vibration mode, thus showing the response conditions to resonance of blades. A practical question is exemplified to analyze the response to blades' vibration/resonance. The results reveal that the response to blades' vibration depends mainly on such factors as the natural frequency of blades, vibration mode, frequency of exciting shock and exciting force or a harmonic component and, if taking beat frequency from the non-resonant response curve and the relationship among blades' natural frequency ω, exciting shock frequency ωe and the angular velocity of exciting force moving peripherally around blades, ωN, is ω = ωe = nωN(n = l,2,&mellip;,∞), the blades resonate. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Numerical investigation on mesoscopic damage evolution and localization behaviors of rock Xu, Tao (1); Yu, Shi-Hai (2); Wang, Shu-Hong (1); Tang, Chun-An (1) 2005, 26 (2):  160-163.  DOI: - Abstract ( 205 )   HTML   PDF (218KB) ( 758 )   Heterogeneous rocks in uniaxial compression was numerically simulated to investigate their damage evolution and localization behaviors occurred in rock failure process using RFPA2D code. The numerical simulations showed that the heterogeneity of rocks and structural size of rock specimen affect greatly the damage localization patterns of rock specimen and that there are mainly three damage localization patterns in rock failure under compression, i.e., parallel shear bands, single shear bands and conjugate shear bands. The remarkable nonlinearity of deformation combined with the occurrence of shear bands is mainly due to the coalescence and slippage of cracks, while elastic snap-back occurs beyond the shear bands. In addition, the past-peak response portion of stress-strain curve depends mainly on the deformation of the structural effect, and the damage localization just means that the descending portion of the stress-strain curve of specimen is size-dependent. So, the stress-strain curve of rock can not be regarded as a pure material properly. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Carrying capacity calculation of prestressed Steel-HS concrete composite beams Wang, Lian-Guang (1); Liu, Li (1); Zheng, Yu (2) 2005, 26 (2):  164-166.  DOI: - Abstract ( 206 )   HTML   PDF (215KB) ( 843 )   According to the structural characteristics and actual loading conditions, some formulas were derived to calculate the cross-sectional stress and ultimate bending strength of the prestressed Steel-HS concrete composite beams in different loading phases. Testing results verified the correctness of these formulas. For the carrying capacity of a prestressed composite beam on which a positive moment is acting, it cannot be improved much more if applying prestress to the lower flange of steel beam. However, it may be effectively improved for the composite beam on which a negative moment is acting if applying prestress to the upper flange of steel beam and may be improved to the best if applying prestress to the concrete slabs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bearing capacity of side joint of steel-reinforced HS concrete frame for shear load Xu, Ya-Feng (1); Jia, Lian-Guang (2); Wang, Lian-Guang (1); Liang, Li (1) 2005, 26 (2):  167-170.  DOI: - Abstract ( 227 )   HTML   PDF (840KB) ( 477 )   Based on theoretical analysis and test results, how the reinforcing steel, HS concrete and stirrups provide the bearing capacity of the side joint of a steel-reinforced HS concrete frame for shear load is ascertained. A calculating formula or model is developed for the overall shearing force in the core region when it reaches ultimate condition. By superposition method, it is regarded as that the steel, HS concrete and stirrups in core region are all up to their designed strength values when the overall shearing force reaches ultimate conditions, taking the brittleness of HS concrete and restraint of side joint into consideration as they will decrease the strength of joint. The calculating formula is therefore confirmed, of which the result conforms well with the testing result. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of building's dynamic deformation behavior using self-organizing evolutionary modelling Zhu, Yi-Fei (1); Yang, Cheng-Xiang (1); Chen, Xiao-Mei (2); Liu, Bin (1) 2005, 26 (2):  171-174.  DOI: - Abstract ( 235 )   HTML   PDF (174KB) ( 351 )   The settlement behavior of constructions can be characterized as nonlinear dynamic evolution progress. Based on the theory of time series analysis and combining it with genetic evolutionary algorithms for global optimization, a new hybrid method is proposed to identify the dynamic evolution prediction model of building settlement due to the deformation data observed. According to the extremely complex search progress of model structure coupling with relevant parameters, this method thus divides the whole search progress into two relatively simple processes, for modeling, i.e., the structure evolution and parameters evolution, which are to be implemented by the symbol regression techniques of genetic programming and genetic algorithm, respectively. Then, an overall evolution scheme including both as above is designed to search the globally optimal nonlinear dynamic input/output model for predicting the building settlement. Applications to the settlement prediction of several high buildings showed that the method proposed is available to accurate prediction with extendible prediction, especially the new algorithm presents a high self-organizing ability during applications so as to provide an efficient analysis means for the prediction of settlement of high buildings. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reliability assessment of adding storey onto the frame structure of a building in service Li, Yi (1); Gu, Wei (2); Yan, Yun-Qi (3); Liu, Bin (1) 2005, 26 (2):  175-178.  DOI: - Abstract ( 197 )   HTML   PDF (243KB) ( 445 )   Based on the time-dependent load acting on the frame structure of a building in service and the resistance to it, an argument is set out that the time influence on adding a storey to the building must be taken into account. A dynamic reliability assessment is done for adding a storey onto the frame structure of a building in service, including such influencing factors as the carbonization of concrete, corrosion of reinforcements, reduction in size of cross-sections and strength reduction of concrete and reinforcements. A time-dependent conclusion is therefore drawn that adding a storey onto the top of such a building is feasible if the assessment is qualified. Moreover, the results of the assessment mentioned above are in good accordance with TAT program, thus showing the correctness of argument as set out. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Personal decision behavior before emergency evacuation Zhang, Pei-Hong (1); Chen, Bao-Zhi (1); Lo, Siu-Ming (2) 2005, 26 (2):  179-182.  DOI: - Abstract ( 245 )   HTML   PDF (239KB) ( 1201 )   Questionnaire investigation was progressed on three fire cases in public domestic building in Hong Kong. Based on the adaptive neuro-fuzzy interference system and BP function, data training and checking were progressed to enforce the network learning upon the 150 sets of collected data. As a result, a personal emergency response model on evacuation decision behavior, PERM, was established. The prediction result of PERM and the questionnaire result were almost coincident. It showed that personal decision behavior before emergency evacuation is relevant to what she/he experienced in fire, initial status, residential conditions, etc. For instance, among the residents in public domestic housing in Hong Kong, half would not start evacuation for 10-20 minutes until they confirm the fire alarm/information. Only a quarter of the residents decided to evacuate immediately. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Adsorption process of diatomite for nocardia Shen, Yan-Bai (1); Zhu, Yi-Min (1); Wei, De-Zhou (1); Su, Xiu-Juan (1) 2005, 26 (2):  183-185.  DOI: - Abstract ( 225 )   HTML   PDF (166KB) ( 929 )   Investigates the process that Nocardia is adsorbed onto the diatomite from Changbai Mountain area in Jilin Province PRC, with the effects of adsorption time, diatomite dosage, initial pH value of solution and adsorption temperature on the adsorptivity discussed. The results showed that the diatomite used has a favorable adsorbing effect by which the adsorbing process is so quick that an equilibrium is attainable for about 20 min. A good result can be attained in a range of pH value from 7.0 to 9.0. Temperature has no significant effect on adsorbing process. The adsorbing effect can be improved further by adding dosage of diatomite properly for a certain Nocardia concentration. Scanning results revealed that the surface pores of diatomite and mycelia on Nocardia surface are possibly the main adsorption location. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimized purchase quantity and profit of vendor managed inventory Guo, Hai-Feng (1); Huang, Xiao-Yuan (1); Qiu, Ruo-Zhen (1) 2005, 26 (2):  186-189.  DOI: - Abstract ( 235 )   HTML   PDF (246KB) ( 869 )   For a kind of salable goods in definite demand with good stock which is permissibly, going short for a time, a supply chain model of vendor managed inventory (VMI) is established on the basis of traditional supply chain profit model, with the purchase quantity and profit of VMI discussed as well. The optimized purchase quantity of VMI is proved more than that in the traditional supply chain, and the implementation of VMI is proved that the profit of vendee will increase. On the other hand, the implementation of VMI will enable the vendor to increase profit if providing optimized matching conditions or long-term incentive. As a result, a theoretical foundation is provided for both the vendor and vendee to merge their inventories together. A numerical exemplification is given to verify the conclusion as above. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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- - 2005, 26 (2):  190-193.  DOI: - Abstract ( 228 )   HTML   PDF (1168KB) ( 543 )   - References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Temperature compensation behavior of layered Heisenberg ferrimagnets Li, Jun (1); Wei, Guo-Zhu (1); Du, An (1) 2005, 26 (2):  194-197.  DOI: - Abstract ( 190 )   HTML   PDF (1324KB) ( 507 )   The method of the double-time temperature Green function is used to study theoretically the magnetic properties of a mixed spin-3/2 and spin-5/2 Heisenberg ferrimagnetic system on a layered honeycomb lattice. Particularly, the effects of single-ion anisotropy and interlayer interaction on magnetization, critical and compensation temperature are investigated. Gives the temperature dependence of the total and sublattice magnetization for several values of single-ion anisotropy and interlayer interaction, as well as the critical and compensation temperature as functions of single-ion anisotropy and interlayer interaction. All these indicate that there are several magnetization curves and there will be a compensation behavior only when the single-ion anisotropy and interlayer interaction exceed a minimum (D1min/J and J1min/J). The compensation temperature decreases with increasing D1/J and J1/J and it will remain unchanged as a consequence. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Theoretical calculation of surface and average magnetization of spin-1/2 ferroelectric thin films Tian, Li-Zhen (1); Du, An (1) 2005, 26 (2):  198-200.  DOI: - Abstract ( 201 )   HTML   PDF (162KB) ( 628 )   The magnetization of spin-1/2 ferroelectric thin films consisting of 6 and 20 atomic layers is calculated by using Bethe-Peierls approximation within a layer and mean field approximation between layers. It is found that the surface magnetization is different obviously from the average magnetization of the films if the surface bonding strength is not the same. The surface magnetization is weaker than the entire one if the surface bonding strength is low, and vice versa. However, both the surface and entire magnetization have the same transition temperature. So, for a thicker film, the entire magnetization of film is affected slightly by the surface bonding strength, while the strong surface bonding strength will bring a thin film to be magnetized entirely in the vicinity of transition temperature. The transverse field will restrain the spontaneous magnetization of the film. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Thermodynamic study on rare earth vapor complex Yu, Jin (1); Yang, Dong-Mei (1); Wang, Zhi-Chang (1) 2005, 26 (2):  201-204.  DOI: - Abstract ( 208 )   HTML   PDF (171KB) ( 607 )   Formation thermodynamics has been investigated for the vapor complexes PrAlxBr3x+3 by quenching experiments which were done within the temperature range from 632 to 833 K and pressure range from 0.030 to 0.25 MPa for about 6 hrs required for balanced reaction. The results showed that the complex PrAl3Br12 is the only one produced from the reaction of praseodymium bromide with vaporized aluminum bromide dimer under the experimental conditions, of which the equilibrium constants of reaction are calculated from experimental data. Based on the stability constants obtained from experiments, the changes of enthalpy and entropy in reaction can be obtained by way of least square. References | Related Articles | Metrics