东北大学学报(社会科学版) ›› 2022, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (6): 59-68.DOI: 10.15936/j.cnki.1008-3758.2022.06.008

• 政治与公共管理研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

美国应急管理体制中的协同治理困境与出路

邹昀瑾1,刘丛丛1,张锐2   

  1. (1.北京大学政府管理学院,北京100871;2.北京大学体育教研部,北京100871)
  • 收稿日期:2021-09-07 修回日期:2021-09-07 接受日期:2021-09-07 发布日期:2022-11-26
  • 通讯作者: 邹昀瑾
  • 作者简介:邹昀瑾(1992-),女,云南红河人,北京大学博士研究生,主要从事公共管理与公共政策过程、风险治理与应急管理研究;刘丛丛(1994-),女,新疆阜康人,北京大学博士研究生,主要从事比较行政管理、应急管理研究;张锐(1960-),女,安徽阜阳人,北京大学教授,主要从事体育危机研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金重点资助项目(19ATY005);北京大学公共治理研究所资助项目(YQZX202001)。

The Dilemma and Outlet of Collaborative Governance in American Emergency Management System

ZOU Yunjin1, LIU Congcong1, ZHANG Rui2   

  1. (1. School of Government, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; 2. Department of PE, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China)
  • Received:2021-09-07 Revised:2021-09-07 Accepted:2021-09-07 Published:2022-11-26
  • Contact: -
  • About author:-
  • Supported by:
    -

摘要: 协同治理是应急管理体制面临的重要问题。尽管美国的应急管理体制在协同治理方面组织架构完整、法规条文充分、任务分工明确、合作通道顺畅,但在实践中,其协同治理却陷入了“同舟难共济”的困境。在协同治理权变模型的分析框架下,美国应急管理主体的能力差异、合作心态、合作历史和合作制度环境造成协同治理实施与否的困境。美国应急管理体制中存在决策壁垒、治理权威匮乏和“搭便车”问题,是美国应急管理制度设计带来的协同治理现实困境。松散耦合的协作系统、“全危机”和“全周期”的协作理念、富有弹性的“全社会”协作方式则是美国应急管理体制探索出的“同舟共济”出路。

关键词: 应急管理体制; 突发危机; 美国; 协同治理

Abstract: Collaborative governance is an important issue facing the emergency management systems. Although the emergency management system in the United States has a complete organizational structure, sufficient regulations, clear division of tasks, and smooth cooperation channels in terms of collaborative governance, in practice, its collaborative governance has fallen into the dilemma of “failing to help each other in the same boat”. Under the analytical framework of contingency model of collaborative governance, the differences in capabilities, cooperative mentality, cooperative history and cooperative institutional environment of emergency management subjects in the United States create the dilemma of whether to implement collaborative governance. There are decision-making barriers, lack of governance authority and “free-rider” problems in the emergency management system of the United States, which are the realistic dilemma of collaborative governance brought about by the design of the emergency management system in the United States. The loosely coupled collaboration system, the “whole crisis” and “full cycle” collaboration concept, and the flexible “whole-society” collaboration method are the way out for the United States' emergency management system to “help each other in the same boat”.

Key words: emergency management system; sudden crisis; the United States; collaborative governance

中图分类号: