
东北大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (9): 102-112.DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2025.20240019
收稿日期:2024-01-22
出版日期:2025-09-15
发布日期:2025-12-03
通讯作者:
巩亚东
作者简介:任启震(1998—),男,山西兴县人,东北大学硕士研究生
Qi-zhen REN, Gui-ru MENG, Ya-dong GONG(
), Yuan-feng LI
Received:2024-01-22
Online:2025-09-15
Published:2025-12-03
Contact:
Ya-dong GONG
摘要:
以K403损伤叶片为基体,采用激光熔覆IN718合金粉末对熔覆层和基体结合的界面区域进行修复再制造.基于正交试验对激光熔覆IN718合金工艺进行优化,研究工艺参数对熔覆层成形尺寸和质量的影响规律,分析修复界面区域的组织特征以及裂纹形成机制.结果表明,裂纹从基体区萌生并向熔覆层扩展,裂纹萌生位置受熔池形状影响,裂纹数量与熔合区形貌相关;热处理后,熔覆层晶粒间的析出相由颗粒状Laves相转变为针状δ相,界面区域实现冶金结合;热处理对K403基体影响不大,但使界面区域硬度过渡更为平滑,熔覆层硬度提升近50%,热影响区宽度约为2.1 mm;抗拉强度达731.7 MPa,伸长率为3.7%,断裂类型是以脆性断裂为主的准解理断裂.
中图分类号:
任启震, 孟贵如, 巩亚东, 李远峰. 异质材料修复K403叶片界面组织及力学性能研究[J]. 东北大学学报(自然科学版), 2025, 46(9): 102-112.
Qi-zhen REN, Gui-ru MENG, Ya-dong GONG, Yuan-feng LI. Study on Interface Microstructure and Mechanical Performance of K403 Blade Repaired with Heterogeneous Material[J]. Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science), 2025, 46(9): 102-112.
| 元素 | Cr | Fe | Mo | Nb | Ti | Al | Co | W | Si | Ni |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K403基体 | 10~12 | <2 | 3.8~4.5 | — | 2.3~2.9 | 5.3~5.9 | 4.5~6 | 4.8~5.5 | — | 余量 |
| IN718粉末 | 19.23 | 19.3 | 3.05 | 5.14 | 0.99 | 0.58 | <0.005 | — | 0.055 | 余量 |
表1 K403基材和IN718粉末的化学成分(质量分数) (%)
Table 1 Chemical composition of K403 substrate and IN718 powder (mass fraction)
| 元素 | Cr | Fe | Mo | Nb | Ti | Al | Co | W | Si | Ni |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K403基体 | 10~12 | <2 | 3.8~4.5 | — | 2.3~2.9 | 5.3~5.9 | 4.5~6 | 4.8~5.5 | — | 余量 |
| IN718粉末 | 19.23 | 19.3 | 3.05 | 5.14 | 0.99 | 0.58 | <0.005 | — | 0.055 | 余量 |
| 试验材料 | K403 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 温度/℃ | 100 | 200 | 300 | 400 | 500 | 600 | 700 | 800 | 900 | 1 000 |
| 线膨胀系数×10-6/C | 11.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.6 | 12.9 | 13.0 | 13.4 | 13.8 | 14.3 | 15.1 |
| 热导率/(W·(m·C)-1) | 14.27 | 14.52 | 17.12 | 18.25 | 19.72 | 20.43 | 22.27 | 23.53 | 24.82 | — |
| 熔化温度/℃ | 1 260~1 338 | |||||||||
| 密度/(g·cm-3) | 8.1 | |||||||||
| 试验材料 | IN718 | |||||||||
| 温度/℃ | 100 | 200 | 300 | 400 | 500 | 600 | 700 | 800 | 900 | 1 000 |
| 线膨胀系数×10-6/C | 11.8 | 13.0 | 13.5 | 14.1 | 14.4 | 14.8 | 15.4 | 17.0 | 18.4 | 18.7 |
| 热导率/(W·(m·C)-1) | 14.7 | 15.9 | 17.8 | 18.3 | 19.6 | 21.2 | 22.8 | 23.6 | 27.6 | 30.4 |
| 熔化温度/℃ | 1 260~1 320 | |||||||||
| 密度/(g·cm-3) | 8.24 | |||||||||
表2 K403和IN718的热物理参数
Table 2 Thermophysical parameters of K403 and IN718
| 试验材料 | K403 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 温度/℃ | 100 | 200 | 300 | 400 | 500 | 600 | 700 | 800 | 900 | 1 000 |
| 线膨胀系数×10-6/C | 11.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.6 | 12.9 | 13.0 | 13.4 | 13.8 | 14.3 | 15.1 |
| 热导率/(W·(m·C)-1) | 14.27 | 14.52 | 17.12 | 18.25 | 19.72 | 20.43 | 22.27 | 23.53 | 24.82 | — |
| 熔化温度/℃ | 1 260~1 338 | |||||||||
| 密度/(g·cm-3) | 8.1 | |||||||||
| 试验材料 | IN718 | |||||||||
| 温度/℃ | 100 | 200 | 300 | 400 | 500 | 600 | 700 | 800 | 900 | 1 000 |
| 线膨胀系数×10-6/C | 11.8 | 13.0 | 13.5 | 14.1 | 14.4 | 14.8 | 15.4 | 17.0 | 18.4 | 18.7 |
| 热导率/(W·(m·C)-1) | 14.7 | 15.9 | 17.8 | 18.3 | 19.6 | 21.2 | 22.8 | 23.6 | 27.6 | 30.4 |
| 熔化温度/℃ | 1 260~1 320 | |||||||||
| 密度/(g·cm-3) | 8.24 | |||||||||
| 序号 | P/W | v/(mm·min-1) | f/(r·min-1) | W/μm | H/μm | D/μm | W/H | η | HV |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 800 | 240 | 1.6 | 2 682.37 | 349.18 | 420.07 | 7.68 | 0.66 | 413.7 |
| 2 | 800 | 360 | 1.8 | 2 560.10 | 186.90 | 485.83 | 13.70 | 0.73 | 440.3 |
| 3 | 800 | 480 | 2 | 2 443.30 | 171.54 | 454.02 | 14.24 | 0.77 | 416.5 |
| 4 | 800 | 600 | 2.2 | 2 375.13 | 130.63 | 419.08 | 18.18 | 0.78 | 490.8 |
| 5 | 1 000 | 240 | 1.8 | 3 060.28 | 434.98 | 583.41 | 7.04 | 0.63 | 374 |
| 6 | 1 000 | 360 | 1.6 | 2 883.74 | 247.06 | 510.73 | 11.67 | 0.73 | 428.6 |
| 7 | 1 000 | 480 | 2.2 | 2 689.63 | 208.65 | 459.17 | 12.89 | 0.75 | 479.5 |
| 8 | 1 000 | 600 | 2 | 2 603.46 | 151.56 | 444.29 | 17.18 | 0.80 | 473.7 |
| 9 | 1 200 | 240 | 2 | 3 508.66 | 402.25 | 655.39 | 8.72 | 0.69 | 430.9 |
| 10 | 1 200 | 360 | 2.2 | 3 045.69 | 352.94 | 498.96 | 8.63 | 0.69 | 448.9 |
| 11 | 1 200 | 480 | 1.6 | 2 936.33 | 172.32 | 519.73 | 17.04 | 0.81 | 479.5 |
| 12 | 1 200 | 600 | 1.8 | 2 783.05 | 119.38 | 488.60 | 23.31 | 0.85 | 475.4 |
| 13 | 1 400 | 240 | 2.2 | 3 433.22 | 438.06 | 586.17 | 7.84 | 0.65 | 438.1 |
| 14 | 1 400 | 360 | 2 | 3 209.00 | 215.57 | 588.58 | 14.89 | 0.78 | 477.6 |
| 15 | 1 400 | 480 | 1.8 | 2 954.33 | 119.03 | 520.42 | 24.82 | 0.83 | 461.6 |
| 16 | 1 400 | 600 | 1.6 | 2 884.78 | 73.62 | 495.20 | 39.19 | 0.87 | 437.8 |
表3 激光熔覆IN718合金正交试验方案及结果
Table 3 Orthogonal test scheme and results of laser cladding IN718 alloy
| 序号 | P/W | v/(mm·min-1) | f/(r·min-1) | W/μm | H/μm | D/μm | W/H | η | HV |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 800 | 240 | 1.6 | 2 682.37 | 349.18 | 420.07 | 7.68 | 0.66 | 413.7 |
| 2 | 800 | 360 | 1.8 | 2 560.10 | 186.90 | 485.83 | 13.70 | 0.73 | 440.3 |
| 3 | 800 | 480 | 2 | 2 443.30 | 171.54 | 454.02 | 14.24 | 0.77 | 416.5 |
| 4 | 800 | 600 | 2.2 | 2 375.13 | 130.63 | 419.08 | 18.18 | 0.78 | 490.8 |
| 5 | 1 000 | 240 | 1.8 | 3 060.28 | 434.98 | 583.41 | 7.04 | 0.63 | 374 |
| 6 | 1 000 | 360 | 1.6 | 2 883.74 | 247.06 | 510.73 | 11.67 | 0.73 | 428.6 |
| 7 | 1 000 | 480 | 2.2 | 2 689.63 | 208.65 | 459.17 | 12.89 | 0.75 | 479.5 |
| 8 | 1 000 | 600 | 2 | 2 603.46 | 151.56 | 444.29 | 17.18 | 0.80 | 473.7 |
| 9 | 1 200 | 240 | 2 | 3 508.66 | 402.25 | 655.39 | 8.72 | 0.69 | 430.9 |
| 10 | 1 200 | 360 | 2.2 | 3 045.69 | 352.94 | 498.96 | 8.63 | 0.69 | 448.9 |
| 11 | 1 200 | 480 | 1.6 | 2 936.33 | 172.32 | 519.73 | 17.04 | 0.81 | 479.5 |
| 12 | 1 200 | 600 | 1.8 | 2 783.05 | 119.38 | 488.60 | 23.31 | 0.85 | 475.4 |
| 13 | 1 400 | 240 | 2.2 | 3 433.22 | 438.06 | 586.17 | 7.84 | 0.65 | 438.1 |
| 14 | 1 400 | 360 | 2 | 3 209.00 | 215.57 | 588.58 | 14.89 | 0.78 | 477.6 |
| 15 | 1 400 | 480 | 1.8 | 2 954.33 | 119.03 | 520.42 | 24.82 | 0.83 | 461.6 |
| 16 | 1 400 | 600 | 1.6 | 2 884.78 | 73.62 | 495.20 | 39.19 | 0.87 | 437.8 |
图4 比能对熔覆层微观组织的影响(a)—Es=266.7 kJ/m2; (b)—Es=1 166.7 kJ/m2;(c)—Es=466.7 kJ/m2; (d)—Es=833.2 kJ/m2.
Fig.4 Influence of specific energy on microstructure of cladding layer
| 测试点 | Al | Ti | Cr | Fe | Co | Ni | Nb | Mo | W |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 1.25 | 3.70 | 14.32 | 10.29 | — | 40.89 | 23.90 | 5.65 | — |
| B | 1.70 | 2.34 | 17.64 | 12.41 | — | 60.96 | 2.64 | 2.31 | — |
| C | 0.46 | 0.82 | 16.90 | 15.13 | — | 54.86 | 8.83 | 3.00 | — |
| D | 0.20 | 0.96 | 14.01 | 12.40 | — | 56.78 | 12.61 | 3.05 | — |
| E | 0.40 | 0.69 | 19.92 | 17.99 | — | 54.69 | 3.60 | 2.70 | — |
| F | 0.01 | 40.21 | 1.97 | — | 0.08 | 2.69 | — | 16.55 | 38.48 |
| G | 5.30 | 2.45 | 10.11 | — | 4.70 | 69.02 | — | 3.08 | 5.34 |
表4 热处理后熔覆层和基体各点的EDS化学成分(质量分数) (treatment (mass fraction) %)
Table 4 EDS chemical composition of each point in cladding layer and substrate after heat
| 测试点 | Al | Ti | Cr | Fe | Co | Ni | Nb | Mo | W |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 1.25 | 3.70 | 14.32 | 10.29 | — | 40.89 | 23.90 | 5.65 | — |
| B | 1.70 | 2.34 | 17.64 | 12.41 | — | 60.96 | 2.64 | 2.31 | — |
| C | 0.46 | 0.82 | 16.90 | 15.13 | — | 54.86 | 8.83 | 3.00 | — |
| D | 0.20 | 0.96 | 14.01 | 12.40 | — | 56.78 | 12.61 | 3.05 | — |
| E | 0.40 | 0.69 | 19.92 | 17.99 | — | 54.69 | 3.60 | 2.70 | — |
| F | 0.01 | 40.21 | 1.97 | — | 0.08 | 2.69 | — | 16.55 | 38.48 |
| G | 5.30 | 2.45 | 10.11 | — | 4.70 | 69.02 | — | 3.08 | 5.34 |
| 样品 | 屈服强度 | 抗拉强度 | 断后伸长率 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 未热处理 | 404.9 | 668.8 | 15.4 |
| 热处理 | 706.5 | 731.7 | 3.7 |
| K403基体 | — | 773.8 | 3.4 |
表5 试样常温拉伸性能 (temperature)
Table 5 Tensile properties of specimens at room
| 样品 | 屈服强度 | 抗拉强度 | 断后伸长率 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 未热处理 | 404.9 | 668.8 | 15.4 |
| 热处理 | 706.5 | 731.7 | 3.7 |
| K403基体 | — | 773.8 | 3.4 |
图11 K403基体和热处理前后试样断口形貌(a)—K403基体; (b)—热处理前; (c)—热处理后;(d)—热处理后试样断裂纵截面宏微观形貌.
Fig.11 Fracture morphology of K403 substrate and specimens before and after heat treatment
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