环境司法专门化与企业绿色创新——基于环保法庭的经验证据

doi:10.15936/j.cnki.1008-3758.2024.03.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 环境规制对于企业绿色创新具有重要影响。然而已有研究大多基于立法和执法角度展开研究，而对司法手段的作用效果关注较少。以各地级市中级人民法院分批设立环保法庭试点为准自然实验，基于2007—2020年中国A股上市企业的研究样本，运用渐进双重差分法对环境司法专门化的绿色创新效应展开研究。研究发现，环保法庭设立促进企业绿色创新水平明显提升，且经过多次稳健性检验后结论依然成立。通过渐进三重差分法探究环保法庭设立作用的边界条件发现，当企业为重污染行业和国有企业、所属地区法治化水平较低以及企业数字化转型水平较低时，环保法庭设立的绿色创新效应更为显著。进一步分析企业绿色创新策略发现，一方面环保法庭设立诱发的企业绿色创新挤占了非绿色创新的资源，另一方面环保法庭设立对于实质性绿色创新和策略性绿色创新均有较强的促进作用。环境司法专门化是行之有效的绿色治理制度，补充了既有环境规制研究对于环境司法关注的不足，为推动中国形成全方位的环境法治体系，实现“有法可依”和“有法必依”的协调发展提供了重要参考。

关键词: 环境司法专门化; 环保法庭; 绿色创新; 环境规制

Abstract: Environmental regulation has an important impact on enterprises' green innovation. However， most of the existing studies are based on the perspectives of legislation and law enforcement， and less attention is paid to the effect of judicial means. Based on the quasi-natural experiment of the establishment of environmental court (EC) in China's intermediate people's courts of prefecture-level cities， A-share listed firms from 2007-2020 are taken as the sample in a DID model to study the incentive effect of environmental judicial specialization on enterprises' green innovation. The results show that the establishment of EC can improve enterprises' green innovation significantly， and the results remain valid after conducting various robust tests. Moreover， by using the DDD method to explore the boundary condition of the foregoing effect of the establishment of EC， it is found that the positive impact is even greater when the enterprises are in the high-pollution industry， are state-own， and are located in areas with worse legal environment， or have lower degrees of digital transformation. Further analysis of enterprises' green innovation strategies finds that the incentive effect of the establishment of EC on green innovation is a crowding-out effect on the existing non-green innovation on one hand， and the establishment of EC can improve the quantity and the quality of enterprises' green innovation simultaneously on the other hand. Environmental judicial specialization is an effective way for green governance， which complements the lack of attention to environmental justice in the existing environmental regulation research， and provides an important reference for promoting the formation of a comprehensive environmental legal system in China， and achieving the coordinated development of “having laws to abide by” and “abiding by the laws”.

Key words: environmental judicial specialization; environmental court (EC); green innovation; environmental regulation

中图分类号:

F270
DF81

李雅婷，李自杰. 环境司法专门化与企业绿色创新——基于环保法庭的经验证据[J]. 东北大学学报（社会科学版）, 2024, 26(3): 55-66.

LI Yating， LI Zijie. Environmental Judicial Specialization and Corporate Green Innovation: Evidence from the Establishment of Environmental Court[J]. Journal of Northeastern University(Social Science), 2024, 26(3): 55-66.

参考文献

[1]吕忠梅，吴一冉.中国环境法治七十年:从历史走向未来［J］. 中国法律评论， 2019(5):102-123.
[2]Wang C. Chinese environmental law enforcement:current deficiencies and suggested reforms［J］. Vermont Journal of Environmental Law， 2007，8(2):159-193.
[3]范子英，赵仁杰. 法治强化能够促进污染治理吗?——来自环保法庭设立的证据［J］. 经济研究， 2019，54(3): 21-37.
[4]包群，邵敏，杨大利. 环境管制抑制了污染排放吗?［J］. 经济研究， 2013，48(12):42-54.
[5]高昊宇，温慧愉. 生态法治对债券融资成本的影响——基于我国环保法庭设立的准自然实验［J］. 金融研究， 2021(12):133-151.
[6]于文轩. 环境司法专门化视阈下环境法庭之检视与完善［J］. 中国人口·资源与环境， 2017，27(8):62-68.
[7]张忠民. 环境司法专门化发展的实证检视:以环境审判机构和环境审判机制为中心［J］. 中国法学， 2016(6):177-196.
[8]Pizer W A，Popp D. Endogenizing technological change: matching empirical evidence to modeling needs［J］. Energy Economics， 2008，30(6):2754-2770.
[9]韩晓明. 环保法庭“无案可审”现象再审视［J］. 法学论坛， 2019，34(2):128-134.
[10]王晓祺，郝双光，张俊民.新《环保法》与企业绿色创新:“倒逼”抑或“挤出”?［J］. 中国人口·资源与环境， 2020，30(7):107-117.
[11]刘金科，肖翊阳. 中国环境保护税与绿色创新:杠杆效应还是挤出效应?［J］. 经济研究， 2022，57(1):72-88.
[12]王旭，张晓宁，朱然. 企业绿色创新视角下“环保督政”的价值创造效应——基于环保约谈的准实验研究［J］. 科研管理， 2021，42(6):102-111.
[13]宋鹏，陈梦渝，毛显强. 中央环保督察促进重污染企业绿色创新了吗?——来自上市企业绿色专利数据的证据［J］. 中国环境管理， 2022，14(3):73-80.
[14]Acemoglu D，Aghion P，Bursztyn L，et al. The environment and directed technical change［J］. The American Economic Review， 2014，102(1):131-166.
[15]李毅，胡宗义，周积琨，等. 环境司法强化、邻近效应与区域污染治理［J］. 经济评论， 2022(2):104-121.
[16]Zhang Q，Yu Z，Kong D. The real effect of legal institutions: environmental courts and firm environmental protection expenditure［J］. Journal of Environmental Economics & Management， 2019，98:102254.
[17]翟华云，刘亚伟. 环境司法专门化促进了企业环境治理吗?——来自专门环境法庭设置的准自然实验［J］. 中国人口·资源与环境， 2019，29(6):138-147.
[18]Edwards V. A review of the court of justice's case law in relation to waste and environmental impact assessment: 1992-2011［J］. Journal of Environmental Law， 2013，25(3):515-530.
[19]Wang A L. Environmental courts and public interest litigation in China［J］. Chinese Law & Government， 2010，43(6):4-17.
[20]Berrone P，Fosfuri A，Gelabert L，et al. Necessity as the mother of “Green” inventions: institutional pressures and environmental innovations［J］. Strategic Management Journal， 2013，34(8):891-909.
[21]Huang J，Li Y. Green innovation and performance: the view of organizational capability and socialreciprocity［J］. Journal of Business Ethics， 2017，145(2):309-324.
[22]Chang C. The influence of corporate environmental ethics on competitive advantage: the mediation role of greeninnovation［J］. Journal of Business Ethics， 2010，104(3):361-370.
[23]解学梅，朱琪玮. 企业绿色创新实践如何破解“和谐共生”难题?［J］. 管理世界， 2021，37(1):128-149.
[24]Porter M E，van der Linde C. Toward a new conception of the environment-competitiveness relationship［J］. Journal of Economic Perspectives， 1995，9(4):97-118.
[25]徐佳，崔静波. 低碳城市和企业绿色技术创新［J］. 中国工业经济， 2020(12):178-196.
[26]Popp D. International innovation and diffusion of air pollution control technologies: the effects of NO_○x and SO₂ regulation in the US， Japan， and Germany［J］. Journal of Environmental Economics & Management， 2006，51(1):46-71.
[27]王分棉，贺佳. 地方政府环境治理压力会“挤出”企业绿色创新吗?［J］. 中国人口·资源与环境， 2022，32(2):140-150.
[28]Wang H，Wheeler D. Equilibrium pollution and economic development in China［J］. Environment & Development Economics， 2003，8(3):451-466.
[29]任曙明，李馨漪，王艳玲，等. 民营参股、制度环境与企业创新［J］. 研究与发展管理， 2019，31(3):59-71.
[30]黄俊，陈信元，赵宇，等. 司法改善与企业投资——基于我国巡回法庭设立的经验研究［J］. 经济学(季刊)， 2021，21(5):1521-1544.［31］Muhammad F M，Tiwari S，Petraite M，et al. How industry 4.0 technologies and open innovation can improve green innovation performance?［J］. Management of Environmental Quality， 2021，32(5):1007-1022.［32］El-Kassar A，Singh S K. Green innovation and organizational performance: the influence of big data and the moderating role of management commitment and HR practices［J］. Technological Forecasting and Social Change， 2019，144:483-498.［33］Kuang C，Liu Z，Zhu W. Need for speed: high-speed rail and firm performance［J］. Journal of Corporate Finance， 2021，66:101830.［34］汪琼，李栋栋，王克敏. 营商“硬环境”与公司现金持有: 基于市场竞争和投资机会的研究［J］. 会计研究， 2020(4):88-99.［35］王馨，王营. 环境信息公开的绿色创新效应研究——基于《环境空气质量标准》的准自然实验［J］. 金融研究， 2021(10):134-152.［36］龚新蜀，靳媚. 营商环境与政府支持对企业数字化转型的影响——来自上市企业年报文本挖掘的实证研究［J］. 科技进步与对策， 2023，40(2):90-99.［37］吴非，胡慧芷，林慧妍，等. 企业数字化转型与资本市场表现——来自股票流动性的经验证据［J］. 管理世界， 2021，37(7):130-144.［38］Roediger-Schluga T. Some micro-evidence on the “porter hypothesis” from Austrian VOC emission standards［J］. Growth & Change， 2003，34(3):359-379.［39］黎文靖，郑曼妮. 实质性创新还是策略性创新?——宏观产业政策对微观企业创新的影响［J］. 经济研究， 2016，51(4):60-73.［40］张杨，袁宝龙，郑晶晶，等. 策略性回应还是实质性响应?碳排放权交易政策的企业绿色创新效应［J/OL］.［2023-01-06］. 南开管理评论， https:∥kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/12.1288.F.20220621.1139.002.html.