东北大学学报(社会科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (2): 33-40.DOI: 10.15936/j.cnki.1008-3758.2026.02.004

• 科技伦理与哲学思辨 • 上一篇    下一篇

完善论视角下道德增强的自主性问题及其伦理分析

翁昱岑1, 李伦2   

  1. 1.大连理工大学 科技伦理与科技管理研究中心,辽宁 大连 116023
    2.湖南师范大学 中华伦理文明研究中心,湖南 长沙 410081
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-04 出版日期:2026-03-25 发布日期:2026-04-02
  • 作者简介:翁昱岑,大连理工大学博士研究生
    李 伦,湖南师范大学教授,博士生导师。
  • 基金资助:
    工业装备结构分析优化与CAE软件全国重点实验室开放课题(GZ24101)

On Autonomy in Moral Enhancement and Its Ethical Analysis from the Perspective of Perfectionism

Yucen WENG1, Lun LI2   

  1. 1.Center for Ethics and Management of Science and Technology,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116023,China
    2.Center for Chinese Ethical Civilization,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081,China
  • Received:2024-08-04 Online:2026-03-25 Published:2026-04-02

摘要:

长久以来,对道德增强的自主性批判都以技术干预下个体道德选择自由及真实性的缺失为主要立场,与之相对的则是功利主义对道德行为结果与社会福祉的相关性的强调。完善论语境下对自主性问题的讨论破除了个人主义的基调,以“关系自主”的立场阐明了社会对个体道德实行干预的重要性、维度及限度。然而,虽然一种出于“善”的强制可能对发展自主性具有重要价值,但并不足以证成道德增强技术使用的合理性与必要性。为避免人类社会陷入技术治理的“指环王”困境,应坚守人的主体地位,在当代完善论的指导下寻求改进传统“道德增强”的理论方法。

关键词: 道德增强, 技术伦理, 完善论, 自主性, 自由

Abstract:

Criticisms on the autonomy in moral enhancement have long taken as their main stance the lack of freedom of choice and authenticity of individual moral choices in the face of technological interventions, as opposed to the utilitarianism’s emphasis on the social well-being of the outcomes of moral behavior. Discussions on autonomy in the context of perfectionism break away from the individualistic tone and take a position of “relational account of autonomy” to clarify the importance, dimensions, and limits of societal intervention in individual morality. However, while a form of coerction exercised in the name of “good” may hold significant value for the development of autonomy, it doesn’t suffice to justify and necessitate the use of biomedical technologies to enhance morality. To prevent the human society from falling into the “Lord of the Rings” dilemma of technological governance, it is important to uphold the subjectivity of human beings and seek ways to refine the traditional “moral enhancement” under the guidance of contemporary perfectionism.

Key words: moral enhancement, technological ethics, perfectionism, autonomy, freedom

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