成形磨削18CrNiMo7-6钢磨削力仿真与试验验证

doi:10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2025.20249038

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了研究工艺参数对18CrNiMo7-6渗碳钢V型缺口成形外圆磨削力的影响规律，基于缺口疲劳试样的加工过程，构建通过空间随机平面切割正六面体生成的随机多面体CBN（cubic boron nitride）砂轮磨粒模型，利用ABAQUS有限元仿真软件建立V型缺口成形外圆磨削三维仿真模型.以砂轮转速n_s、工件转速n_w及砂轮径向进给速度v_r为自变量，开展单因素试验，研究法向磨削力F_n和切向磨削力F_t的变化规律，并通过成形磨削力试验验证缺口成形切入磨削仿真模型的有效性.结果表明：法向磨削力始终大于切向磨削力；相较于工件转速和砂轮径向进给速度，砂轮转速对磨削力的影响更为显著.磨削力仿真结果与试验结果一致，n_s，n_w及v_r通过仿真所预测的法向磨削力平均误差分别为11.06%，9.21%，10.77%，切向磨削力平均误差分别为9.89%，13.89%，15.55%.

关键词: 18CrNiMo7-6钢, V型缺口, 成形磨削, 有限元仿真, 磨削力

Abstract:

In order to investigate the influence of process parameters on the grinding force in V-notch forming during cylindrical grinding of 18CrNiMo7-6 carburized steel， a cubic boron nitride （CBN） grinding wheel abrasive particle model composed of random polyhedra generated by cutting regular hexahedra with spatial random planes was constructed based on the machining process of fatigue specimens. A three-dimensional simulation model of V-notch forming during cylindrical grinding was established by using ABAQUS finite element simulation software. With the grinding wheel speed n_s， workpiece speed n_w， and radial feed speed v_r as independent variables， single-factor experiments were conducted to study the variation patterns of normal grinding force F_n and tangential grinding force F_t. The validity of the V-notch forming simulation model during plunge grinding was verified through forming grinding force experiments. The results indicate that the normal grinding force is consistently greater than the tangential grinding force， and compared with the workpiece speed and the radial feed speed， the influence of grinding wheel speed on grinding force is more significant. The simulation results agree well with experimental data， where the average errors for normal grinding force predicted by simulations of n_s， n_w， and v_r are 11.06%， 9.21%， and 10.77%， respectively， and those for tangential grinding force are 9.89%， 13.89%， and 15.55%， respectively.

Key words: 18CrNiMo7-6 steel, V-notch, forming grinding, finite element simulation, grinding force

中图分类号:

TG 580.1

张银霞, 梁蓝夫, 宋作鹏, 李梦琪. 成形磨削18CrNiMo7-6钢磨削力仿真与试验验证[J]. 东北大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025, 46(12): 85-93.

Yin-xia ZHANG, Lan-fu LIANG, Zuo-peng SONG, Meng-qi LI. Simulation and Experimental Verification of Grinding Forces in Profile Grinding of 18CrNiMo7-6 Steel[J]. Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science), 2025, 46(12): 85-93.

图/表 18

图1 CBN磨粒模型

Fig.1 CBN abrasive particle model

图2 砂轮模型几何示意图(单位：mm)（a）—主视图；（b）—截面尺寸.

Fig.2 Geometric diagram of grinding wheel model (unit:mm)

图3 砂轮仿真模型（a）—砂轮仿真模型；（b）—局部放大图.

Fig.3 Simulated grinding wheel model

图4 工件网格划分

Fig.4 Mesh division of workpiece

表1 18CrNiMo7-6渗碳钢化学成分（质量分数） (%)

Table 1 Chemical composition of 18CrNiMo7-6 steel (mass fraction)

C	Si	Mn	S	P	Cr	Ni	Mo	Fe
0.15~0.21	0.4	0.50~0.90	≤0.035	≤0.035	1.50~1.80	1.40~1.70	0.25~0.35	余量

表2 CBN砂轮与工件材料基本物理参数

Table 2 Basic physical parameters of CBN grinding wheel and workpiece materials

材料	弹性模量/GPa	泊松比	密度/(kg·m^-3)	硬度
CBN	706	0.15	3 450	8 000(HV)
18CrNiMo7-6	210	0.30	7 800	60(HRC)

表3 18CrNiMo7-6钢本构模型参数值 (18CrNiMo7-6 steel)

Table 3 Parameter values of constitutive model for

参数	数值	参数	数值
$σ 0$ /MPa	263	D₁	0.05
B_m/MPa	624	D₂	0.80
C_m	0.017	D₃	-1.54
m	1.3	D₄	0.01
n	0.26	D₅	1

表3 18CrNiMo7-6钢本构模型参数值 (18CrNiMo7-6 steel)

Table 3 Parameter values of constitutive model for

参数	数值	参数	数值
$σ 0$ /MPa	263	D₁	0.05
B_m/MPa	624	D₂	0.80
C_m	0.017	D₃	-1.54
m	1.3	D₄	0.01
n	0.26	D₅	1

图5 磨粒与工件摩擦接触区示意图

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of friction contact zone between abrasive particles and workpiece

图6 V型缺口试样（a）—加工尺寸图；（b）—实物图.

Fig.6 V-notch specimen

图7 成形切入磨削测量装置

Fig.7 Measuring device for forming plunge grinding

图8 测力仪的安装

Fig.8 Installation of force measuring instruments

图9 受力分析示意图

Fig.9 Schematic diagram of force analysis

表4 单因素试验工艺参数

Table 4 Process parameters of single-factor experiment

序号	砂轮转速n_s/(r·min^-1)	工件转速n_w/(r·min^-1)	砂轮径向进给速度v_r/(mm·min^-1)
1	4 000,5 000,6 000,7 000,8 000	700	0.15
2	6 000	500,600,700,800,900	0.15
3	6 000	700	0.1,0.125,0.15,0.175,0.2

图10 V形缺口外圆磨削仿真得到工件上的应力分布（a）—nw=500 r/min；（b）—nw=600 r/min；（c）—nw=700 r/min；（d）—nw=800 r/min.

Fig.10 Stress distribution on workpiece obtained by V-notch’s cylindrical grinding simulation

图11 缺口磨削仿真所得磨削力曲线

Fig.11 Grinding force curves obtained from notch grinding simulation

图12 缺口磨削试验所得磨削力曲线

Fig.12 Grinding force curves obtained from notch grinding experiments

图13 不同工艺参数对磨削力的影响（a）—当nw=700 r/min，vr=0.15 mm/min时，砂轮转速对磨削力的影响；（b）—当ns=6 000 r/min，vr=0.15 mm/min时，工件转速对磨削力的影响；（c）—当ns=6 000 r/min，nw=700 r/min时，砂轮径向进给速度对磨削力的影响.

Fig.13 Influence of different process parameters on grinding force

图14 不同工艺参数下磨削力仿真与试验结果对比（a）—当nw=700 r/min，vr=0.15 mm/min时，砂轮转速对误差的影响；（b）—当ns=6 000 r/min，vr=0.15 mm/min时，工件转速对误差的影响；（c）—当ns=6 000 r/min，nw=700 r/min时，砂轮径向进给速度对误差的影响.

Fig.14 Comparison of simulated and experimental results of grinding force under different process parameters

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