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15 September 2016, Volume 37 Issue 9 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Information & Control

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Consensus Gain Analysis of Stochastic Multi-agent System LIU Jian-chang， MING Ping-song 2016, 37 (9):  1217-1220.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2016.09.001 Abstract ( 798 )   HTML   PDF (222KB) ( 822 )   The consensus stability of the stochastic multi-agent system was investigated when the consensus gain function did not satisfy the robustness condition of the consensus stability， and the robustness gain condition of consensus stability was broaden from the existing literature. By using the algebraic graph theory and the stochastic stability theory， the consensus stability problem of stochastic multi-agent system was transformed into the stability problem of the state-error closed-loop system. Next the stochastic state-error closed-loop multi-agent system was analyzed by the stochastic stability theory， then a new consensus stability condition of the stochastic multi-agent system was obtained. Finally， a simulation example was given to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed system. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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NLOS Localization Algorithm Based on the Strict Residual HU Nan， WU Cheng-dong， LIU Peng-da， YU Xiao-sheng 2016, 37 (9):  1221-1224.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2016.09.002 Abstract ( 663 )   HTML   PDF (403KB) ( 812 )   Mobile localization in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has attracted considerable attention in recent years. One of the most important factors affecting the accuracy of localization or tracking is non-line-of-sight (NLOS) signal propagation. The NLOS error could seriously reduce the localization accuracy. By analyzing the characteristics of the residual of NLOS distance measurements， a strict residual selection method was proposed to identify the condition of the distance measurements. In this algorithm， extend Kalman filter (EKF) linear regression model was firstly utilized to get distance residuals. Then the strict residual selection was used to filtrate the residuals. Finally the localization was finished by using the parallel variable node EKF algorithm. Simulation results show that the localization of the proposed algorithm outperforms the other algorithms compared in NLOS conditions. The proposed algorithm has better robustness and higher accuracy in different environments. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Coupled Dynamic Modeling for Polished Rod Load of Beam Pumping Unit LI Xiang-yu， GAO Xian-wen， HOU Yan-bin， WANG Hong-ri 2016, 37 (9):  1225-1229.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2016.09.003 Abstract ( 671 )   HTML   PDF (1022KB) ( 1022 )   A coupled dynamic model for describing the dynamic performance of the polished rod load of beam pumping units was established. The multi-degree-of-freedom spring-quality-damper mechanical dynamic system was adopted to describe the vibration characteristic of the sucker rod string. The compressibility of the gas in the pump barrel， the changing pressure in the pump barrel and local resistance of the pump valve were comprehensively considered. The new equations describing the dynamic sucker rod pumping process were set up in order to determine downhole boundary conditions to solve the sucker rod string vibration model， which represented the interrelationship between the pressure in the pump barrel， the fluid flow into the pump barrel， the volume of the fluid in the pump barrel and the movement of the plunger piston. The time-stepping finite element method was employed to simulate the rod-pump coupled dynamic model. Oil field application shows the fairly effectiveness and accuracy of the new model， which can be used for the prediction of the working condition parameters such as the load， pump efficiency， torque and balance， and the fault diagnosis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Non-fragile Finite-Time Stabilization for Stochastic Markov Jump Systems with Actuator Saturation QI Wen-hai， LI Yue-xiang， CUI Xiu-li 2016, 37 (9):  1230-1234.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2016.09.004 Abstract ( 623 )   HTML   PDF (298KB) ( 758 )   This paper dealed with the problem of finite-time stabilization for a class of stochastic Markov jump systems with both actuator saturation and partly known transition probabilities. Partly known transition probabilities covered completely known transition probabilities and completely unknown transition probabilities as two special cases. Firstly， by use of parameter-dependent Lyapunov function and free-connection weighting matrices， the problem of finite-time stabilization of stochastic Markov jump systems with actuator saturation was analyzed and sufficient conditions for finite-time stability were proposed. The procedure of solution for the non-fragile finite-time state feedback controller and the maximum domain of attraction were built in the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally， a numerical example about four modes with Markov jump parameters was given to show the validity of the results. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Short-Term Prediction Model of Taxi Passenger Demand Based on Operation Systems LIN Yong-jie， ZOU Nan 2016, 37 (9):  1235-1240.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2016.09.005 Abstract ( 672 )   HTML   PDF (221KB) ( 1503 )   As a critical component of urban transportation systems， the service level of taxis is significantly affected by taxi planning and dispatching. The objective of this study is to estimate and predict taxi passenger demand to support for planning and dispatching. Firstly， the data collection of the in-vehicle taxi GPS system and fare collection system are analyzed in the paper. In terms of data analysis， the traditional grid partition of taxi demand is improved by adding other factors， such as topography， buildings， and road network. The developed partition preserves the completeness of passenger demand in a grid. And then， an easy-to-use estimation method of grid-based demand is presented by the usage of real-time taxi GPS system and fare collection system. Finally， an artificial neural network (ANN) model is developed to predict short-term taxi demand. The structure of the ANN model is designed based on the functional characteristics of the input-output pairing correlation. Taking the field data from taxi operation system as an example， the performance of proposed estimation and prediction models is evaluated and validated. The results reveal that the proposed ANN prediction model significantly outperforms the existing auto-regression-moving-average (ARMA) model in terms of the reduction of 32% on average absolute percentage error. Moreover， the probability of absolute percentage error greater than 50% for both ANN and ARMA models is 10% and 23%， respectively. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Phase Smoothing Pseudorange Differential Correction Improved Algorithm in GBAS LIU Jun， WANG Jing-jing， TANG Jian， WANG Qun-yang 2016, 37 (9):  1241-1244.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2016.09.006 Abstract ( 821 )   HTML   PDF (467KB) ( 840 )   Aiming at improving the accuracy of satellite navigation， a carrier phase smoothing pseudorange correction algorithm was put forward as an improved scheme. Divergence free smoothing filtering technology was used to solve ionospheric error problem. By using the error model predictive value in signal propagation， the carrier signal and the pseudorange， the attenuation factor was determined. The dual frequency carrier signal phase value and pseudorange value were linearly combined， which was then put into the filter. At the same time， the satellite information was used to correct clock offset on smoothing pseudorange. The simulation results show that the algorithm can reduce the residual of the signal after filtering and improve carrier phase smoothing pseudorange correction value availability of standard deviation， as well as reduce the impact of ionospheric error on the positioning accuracy in the satellite based navigation precision approach stage. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Online Classification Algorithm for Uncertain Data Stream in Big Data LYU Yan-xia， WANG Cui-rong， WANG Cong， YU Chang-yong 2016, 37 (9):  1245-1249.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2016.09.007 Abstract ( 699 )   HTML   PDF (343KB) ( 1219 )   Under the background of big data， there exist data uncertainties due to privacy protection， data loss and so on. In data stream system， data arrive at continuously and cannot be obtained all. In addition， all the inforation cannot be aquired with only one scan. Therefore， an incremental classification model is constructed to deal with uncertain data stream classification. The weighted Bayes based on VFDT (very fast decision tree) for uncertain data stream—WBVFDTu on the basis of VFDT algorithm is presented in the paper. The uncertain information can be analysed quickly and effectively in both the learning stage and classification stage. In the learning stage， a decision tree model for uncertain data stream is quickly constructed by using Hoeffding bound theory. In the classification stage， the weighted Bayes classifier in the tree leaves is used to improve the performance of the classification. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can very quickly learn uncertain data stream and improve the classification performance of the model. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Different Effects of Augmented Reality Technology and Traditional Methods on Memorizing English Words Among Young Children YU Chun-yang， PU Jia-ning， ZHENG Ling-teng， GUAN Si-qi 2016, 37 (9):  1250-1253.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2016.09.008 Abstract ( 747 )   HTML   PDF (508KB) ( 903 )   With the maturation of 3D technology and the popularization of smart mobile phones and other mobile devices， augmented reality (AR) technology has been rapidly developed. Aiming at English learning of young children， this paper discussed the functions and the methods of mobile AR applications. Though the experimental comparisons of different degrees of memorization on the teaching contents among preschool students， with one group using AR teaching while the other learning from paper books， then explore the advantages of the AR teaching methods. The results show that using AR teaching has more advantages for all ages of yound children on the average number of remembering English words than with traditional teaching methods. What is more， this conclusion among the younger is more obvious; the forgetting rate in English words is smaller after the same time; with the increase of children's ages， the forgetting rate of English words reduces. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis Method of Network Science Based on Forestry Pest Big Data LIU Xiao， ZHAO Hai， FENG Ying， HE Xuan 2016, 37 (9):  1254-1258.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2016.09.009 Abstract ( 606 )   HTML   PDF (407KB) ( 1007 )   Big data of Liaoning forestry pests was adopted， which publicated by General Station of Forest Pest Management， State Forestry Administration. A construction method based on space-time influence domain for insects network was proposed according to the insects occurring complexity in space and time. Taking pine caterpillar (Dendrolimus spp.) as a research sample， the expansion of the time window is determined according to the insects’ lifestyles and habits， and the range of influence effect are determined according to the damage of pest. The results show that the proposed pine caterpillar network following the power-law distribution is scale-free， Dendrolimus diffuse fast， the pine caterpillars are more likely to emerge clustered， and the topology of the pine caterpillar network is robust. This analysis which using the complex network method is scientific， and the real-world phenomenon can be reflected in the network construction method. Such a analysis of network science on pine caterpillar network is intended to provide a guidance regarding to forestry pest control strategies. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Fuzzy Spatio-Temporal Description Logic F-ALCT(Dfst) CHENG Hai-tao， MA Zong-min， YAN Li， ZHANG Fu 2016, 37 (9):  1259-1263.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2016.09.010 Abstract ( 816 )   HTML   PDF (360KB) ( 685 )   In order to achieve representation and reasoning of fuzzy spatio-temporal knowledge in semantic Web， a fuzzy description logic F-ALCT(Dfst) supporting fuzzy spatio-temporal concrete domain was proposed. Firstly， a fuzzy spatio-temporal concrete domain D○fst containing fuzzy spatio-temporal regions and their topological predicates was constructed. And the quantitative computation method of fuzzy topological relationships between fuzzy spatio-temporal regions was presented. Then， the concrete domain D○fst and temporal operators were introduced to fuzzy description logic Fuzzy-ALC， and a new fuzzy spatio-temporal description logic， called F-ALCT(Dfst)， was proposed. Furthermore， a formal definition of syntax， semantics and knowledge base of the F-ALCT(Dfst) was presented. Finally， an example of F-ALCT(Dfst) knowledge base was given. The F-ALCT(Dfst) effectively realizes the representation of fuzzy spatio-temporal knowledge in semantic Web. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Mechanical Engineering

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BPM Mechanical Parameters Based on Discrete Element Method and Full Factorial Experiment Design LI Qiang， GONG Ya-dong， SONG Wei-gang， JI Zhao 2016, 37 (9):  1264-1268.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2016.09.011 Abstract ( 778 )   HTML   PDF (768KB) ( 892 )   In order to investigate the relationship between microscopic and macroscopic mechanical properties of rock， and to improve the efficiency of rock breakage simulation in EDEM (extended discrete element method )， samples for breakage simulation were prepared. Based on the breakage principle， EDEM was used to simulate rock uniaxial compression test. The influence of friction coefficient， shear modulus， micro particle number， parallel bond strength and stiffness on compressive strength and macro stiffness was analyzed. The key and interaction effects were obtained by the full factorial experiment. Regression analysis method was used to predict BPM macroscopic mechanical parameters and to analyze the variance， goodness of fit and residuals. The results show that the error rate of prediction model is less than 10%. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design of A Novel A/B Bi-rotary Head Based on Differential Drive SUN Long-fei， FANG Li-jin 2016, 37 (9):  1269-1273.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2016.09.012 Abstract ( 625 )   HTML   PDF (519KB) ( 882 )   A novel structure of differential A/B bi-rotary head was designed， which can be used for five-axis machine centers. The heads were driven by four servo motors. Pitching and tilting motions were achieved through controlling angle and velocity of the motors. The motors and reducers were fixed on the machine body. The structure of motion parts was more simplified than that of the typical A/B bi-rotary head. The backlash of the head was eliminated owing to the dual-motor master-slave control method being used， and the motion accuracy of the head was improved. Transmission characters， backlash eliminating method and structural characters of the head were analyzed， and the results provide an important theoretical basis for the design of A/B bi-rotary head. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Natural Frequency of Turbine Impeller Considering Fluid Effects LI He， WAGN Tian-ren， HAN Ping， WEN Bang-chun 2016, 37 (9):  1274-1277.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2016.09.013 Abstract ( 675 )   HTML   PDF (237KB) ( 899 )   The turbine impeller was simplified to a disk immersed in fluid， and the vibration differential equation of the disk was established with considering the effect of boundary conditions on natural frequency of the disk. The influence of different disk speed， fluid depth and fluid density on the natural frequency was studied. The results show that the natural frequency of the disk immersed in fluid decreased comparing with the natural frequency of the disk in vacuum. When the disk in fluid is rotated， the mode of the disk is changed from standing wave to traveling wave. Different rotation directions correspond to two different natural frequencies. As the fluid depth reduces， the value of natural frequency decreases. The higher the fluid density is， the lower the natural frequency is. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Experiment of Surface Roughness in Pre-stressed Hardening Grinding Compound Machining WANG Yu-shi， SONG Jian-wei， XING Yun， XIU Shi-chao 2016, 37 (9):  1278-1282.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2016.09.014 Abstract ( 685 )   HTML   PDF (742KB) ( 712 )   Taking change law of specimen surface roughness under pre-stressed hardening grinding conditions as study object， 45 steel pieces were measured to analyze the influence mechanism of process parameters (pre-stress， grinding depth and feed speed) on the surface roughness. The experimental results show that the roughness is nonuniform and its value gradually increases from cut-in area to cut-out area. The increase of pre-stress value can decrease the surface roughness， inhibit surface microcosmic crack， reduce grinding temperature， and improve the surface quality of specimen. As same as to general grinding， the surface roughness gradually increases with the increase of grinding depth and feed speed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Fluent-Based Numerical Simulation of the Cavitation Behavior in the Angle Nozzle ZHAO Ding-xuan， WANG Qian， DU Miao-miao 2016, 37 (9):  1283-1287.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2016.09.015 Abstract ( 900 )   HTML   PDF (699KB) ( 1106 )   Using the Fluent software to simulate the field of cavitation flow in the angle nozzles， the distribution of pressure， mass transferring rate from liquid to vapor and vapor fraction were obtained. The flow fields in the three nozzles with different divergence angles were analyzed by comparison. The results showed that in the angle nozzles， the cavitation bubbles were mainly generated at the starting point of the cylindrical region’s wall and divergence region’s wall. Under the working of reflux and pressure， an optimal divergence angle which impacts the generating rate of cavitation bubbles at the starting point of divergence region’s wall exists. With the divergence angle decreasing， the area of cavitation on the wall of divergence regions expands continuously， and the vapor fraction also increases gradually. Changing divergence angles has no obvious effect on the cavitation behavior of cylindrical regions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Control Method of High-Speed Rice Transplanter’s Profiling System ZHANG Xiu-zhi， JIA Quan， SHANG Tao， YUAN Rui-qiang 2016, 37 (9):  1288-1292.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2016.09.016 Abstract ( 539 )   HTML   PDF (876KB) ( 927 )   A kind of high-speed rice transplanter’s electro-hydraulic control profiling system was designed and researched. In consideration of the lifting and neutral stages of the profiling system for high-speed rice transplanters， a pressure-position switch control method was applied in rice transplanters’ profiling system design. According to the performance requirements of rice transplanters at different stages， the models of position-feedback control at the lifting stage and power-feedback control at the neutral stage，as well as the model of power-position switch control were respectively established by using the Matlab/Simulink software platform. Moreover， in order to improve the control performance of the system， the fuzzy PID algorithm was adopted to control the system. The results showed that the fuzzy PID control can greatly promote the control performance of the system compared with the traditional PID control at different stages. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization Design and Computer Simulation of the Reverse Counterboring Pneumatic Impactor’s Inner Piston Structure XU Hai-liang， CHEN Wang， ZHAO Hong-qiang， XU Shao-jun 2016, 37 (9):  1293-1298.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2016.09.017 Abstract ( 671 )   HTML   PDF (526KB) ( 746 )   The working principles of the reverse counterboring pneumatic impactor were analyzed. The mathematical model of piston movement was built based on Newton’s laws of motion， energy conservation law of thermodynamics， steady flow energy equation and wave theory to explore the relationship between the performance parameters (i.e.， impact energy and rock breaking effective power) and inner piston structure parameters of the impactor. The mathematical software Matlab was used to solve the mathematical model of the reverse counterboring pneumatic impactor’s piston movement. The inner piston structure parameters which affect the impact performance were analyzed in detail to obtainthe relationship between the impact performance and the inner piston structure parameters. It was found that the drill’s impact energy and rock breaking effective power will reduce with the increase of the inner piston’s outside diameter， the inner piston’s length and the distance from the inner piston’s front face to the drill. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Structure Design of the Three-Dimensional Dynamic Grinding Force Measurement Platform HUANG Zhi， CHEN Shi-xing， WAN Cong-bao， WANG Li-ping 2016, 37 (9):  1299-1304.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2016.09.018 Abstract ( 637 )   HTML   PDF (1005KB) ( 855 )   In order to achieve the accurate measurement and control of grinding force in the blade grinding process， a new measurement method of three-dimensional and orthogonal grinding force with mutual orthogonal and independent elastic elements was put forward， and a three-dimensional grinding force measurement platform of resistance strain was designed based on the high dynamic characteristics of grinding force. The performance of the measurement platform was verified through the mathematical derivation with the related formulas of material mechanics， the finite element simulation with Workbench and the actual testing experiments. The results showed that the above methods can effectively alleviate the dynamometer’s inherent contradiction between its natural frequency and sensitivity， and significantly reduce the measurement platform’s coupling degree among the grinding force measurements in different directions， which may provide technical support for achieving the real-time accurate detection of high frequency grinding force. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design and Analysis of Running Quadruped Robots’ Leg Structure MA Zong-li， LIU Yong-chao， ZHU Yan-fang， WANG Jian-ming 2016, 37 (9):  1305-1310.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2016.09.019 Abstract ( 1205 )   HTML   PDF (735KB) ( 1544 )   In order to meet the requirements of quadruped robots’ leg structure with high cushion performance in running movements， a leg structure of running quadruped robots was designed， which was based on the bone-muscle biomechanical properties of dog forelegs. The leg structure has three joints and three DOFs. The hip joint and knee joint have active pitching-DOF， and the ankle joint has passive pitching-DOF. The dynamics and stiffness characteristics of the leg structure were analyzed， and the simulation of bound gait was done. The simulation results showed that a quadruped robot with this leg structure can run rapidly and stably while the joint drive torque is low. It was proven that this leg structure has the feasibility and rationality of making quadruped robots run in bound gait. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Materials & Metallurgy

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Effect of Cold Rolling Reduction on Deformation and Recrystallization Texture in Twin-Roll Cast Non-oriented Silicon Steel SUN Chao， SHA Yu-hui， ZHANG Fang， ZUO Liang 2016, 37 (9):  1311-1316.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2016.09.020 Abstract ( 691 )   HTML   PDF (1082KB) ( 716 )   The twin-roll cast Fe-2.8%Si-0.8%Al strips were directly cold rolled and annealed to investigate the effect of cold rolling reduction on deformation and recrystallization texture. The deformation texture is mainly composed of α， γ and λ fibers with peak at 001<110>， 111<110> and 001<110>~<210>， respectively. The main deformation texture components are enhanced when the reduction increases from 40% to 90%， while the shear banding becomes the most notable feature at 60% reduction. The recrystallization texture is characterized by Goss， λ fiber， 113<361>， Cube and 111<112> components. The dominant nucleation sites transform from shear bands to deformation bands and grain boundary regions as the cold rolling reduction increases， resulting in the weakening of Goss and the strengthening of λ fiber， 113<361>， Cube and 111<112> components. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of Ageing Treatment on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel WU Tian-hai， LIU Chun-ming， JIANG Zhou-hua， FAN Guang-wei 2016, 37 (9):  1317-1321.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2016.09.021 Abstract ( 868 )   HTML   PDF (1430KB) ( 774 )   2205 DSS(duplex stainless steel)were solution treated at 1100℃ followed by aging at 650~900℃ for different time to study the precipitation of σ phase and its influence on microstructures and properties. The results showed that σ phase precipitates in two different ways， one is the precipitation at phase boundaries accompanied by carbides; the other is the precipitation in the ferrite grains or at the ferrite grain boundaries without accompanied carbides. The precipitation of σ phase is the most serious when aged at 850℃. After the precipitation， the segregation of alloying elements Cr and Mo in different phases occurs in different degrees. Small amounts of σ phase have little effect on ductility， but reduce impact toughness significantly. Large amounts of σ phase can reduce both ductility and impact toughness severely. The precipitation of σ phase has little effect on yield strength， and can improve tensile strength slightly. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of Brass Alloy H70 Subjected to Pulse Current FAN Rong ， ZHAO Kun-min， RUAN Jin-hua， CAO Jian 2016, 37 (9):  1322-1326.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2016.09.022 Abstract ( 760 )   HTML   PDF (917KB) ( 807 )   Effects of electric pulse duration and relative peak temperature on mechanical properties were studied by high precision electrically assisted (EA) tension test， and microstructures were observed by metallographic analysis. The results indicated that higher temperature generated by longer electric pulse duration resulted in more reduction in tensile strength. Higher temperature peak generates lower stress recovery at the same prestrain level. When the peak temperature was over than 600℃， stress recovery decreased by 50%， which was nearly the initial yield strength under regular tension test. Recrystallization and grain growth were observed on the specimen after EA tension. Grain refinement and dendritic growth occurred near the fracture area. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of High Chromium Vanadium-Titanium Magnetite Electric Melting Process by Comprehensive Weighted Scoring Method LI Feng， CHU Man-sheng， TANG Jue， FENG Cong 2016, 37 (9):  1327-1331.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2016.09.023 Abstract ( 616 )   HTML   PDF (425KB) ( 797 )   High chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite pellet with metallization rate of 95%， obtained from gas-based shaft furnace reduction， was used for melting and separation in a high-frequency induction furnace. Through the three factors with three levels orthogonal test， the influences of melting temperature， melting time and binary basicity on the recovery of iron， vanadium， chromium and titanium were studied. Then， the results were analyzed by comprehensive weighted scoring method， and the iron containing V and Cr and the slag bearing Ti are obtained finally. The results show that the optimal parameters of melting and separation for high chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite pellet are the binary basicity of 1.1， the temperature of 1650℃ and the time of 45min. The effect of the melting index are as follows:binary basicity，melting temperature and melting time.Moreover， the effect of binary basicity on the recovery rate was studied. It was indicated that all the recovery rate increases first and then decreases with the rising binary basicity. The rational binary basicity is 1.1. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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FEM Transient Analysis of Copper Plate Deformation of Inner Mold for ESR Hollow Cylindrical Castings WANG An-guo， JIANG Zhou-hua， TANG Ji， DONG Yan-wu 2016, 37 (9):  1332-1337.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2016.09.024 Abstract ( 602 )   HTML   PDF (1606KB) ( 740 )   A physical model that includes mold， electrode， slag pool， metal basin， ingot， pad， slag shell and air gap was established by using finite element method (FEM) to simulate the radial deformation of copper plate during the formation and development of the metal basin for ESR (electro-slag remelting) hollow cylindrical castings. The results showed that if the voltage of the mold， the consumable electrode， the slag and the oven is equal， generally， the shallower the metal basin is， the easier it is to obtain good organization; the deeper the metal basin is and the higher temperature the metal basin is， the bigger the finial radial displacement of copper plate is. The copper plate will easily change shape in the mid height of the inner mold， where add the rib plate can control the finial radial deformation availably. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Resources & Civil Engineering

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Mechanical Properties of Large-Sized Corrugated Steel Pipe Culvert Under High Embankment Filled CHU Fu-jiao， ZENG Shui-sheng， FANG Wen-fu， WANG Pei-sen 2016, 37 (9):  1338-1342.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2016.09.025 Abstract ( 640 )   HTML   PDF (797KB) ( 774 )   In order to study the mechanical properties of large-sized corrugated steel pipe under high filling， the corrugated steel pipe culvert in AK0+485 of Pinghong highway was selected as research object. The strain， soil pressure， and horizontal and vertical deformation of the pipe were extracted under the condition of different filling heights from field tests and numerical simulation. By data processing and analyzing， test value and numerical simulation have the same change tendency，and the circumferential strain in middle part and axial strain in top part are greater than other parts of the pipe. Soil pressure at the top part is lower and at the bottom 45° part is higher， which is caused by the flexibility of large-sized corrugated steel pipe and restriction of concrete supporting. Simulations show that the stress concentration and soil pressure in every part of the pipe can be decreased under the condition of no concrete supporting. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Acidic Geoenvironmental on the Mechanical Properties of Polluted Soil CHEN Yu-long， ZHANG Yu-ning， DAI Zhang-jun， CHEN Hang 2016, 37 (9):  1343-1348.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2016.09.026 Abstract ( 551 )   HTML   PDF (545KB) ( 946 )   In order to reveal the physical mechanics of soil-chemicals-water interaction， soil samples were artificially made in three different pH environments induced by immersed in sulfuric acid solution for a long term to carry out experiments on the compressible and deformable properties， consolidated undrained triaxial test and limit moisture content. Results showed that: the compressive deformation for soils immersed in sulfuric acid solution became greater， including the elastic deformation brought about by the remove of pore water and the plastic deformation resulting from the destruction of the soil structure and the conjugation; the lower the pH， the more the sulfuric acid contents， the severer the chemical corrosion， the greater the void ratio of soil， the greater the compression coefficient， the smaller the compression modulus; the pH reduction led to thinner diffuse double layer， so the plasticity became weaker and liquid limit and plasticity index were smaller; all the soils exhibited strain-hardening in the three different pH environments; the strength slightly increased when the pH of pore fluids decreased to 6.0 but significantly decreased at low pH conditions (pH=4.0)， which is related with the mineral composition of the clay fraction; as the pH decreased， effective stress path deflected towards the left due to greater increment rate of pore water pressure. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Discrimination and Its Significance of the Sizhanggunzi Granite in Kuangdonggou Area， Eastern Liaoning Province ZHANG Peng， ZHAO Yan， YANG Hong-zhi， KOU Lin-lin 2016, 37 (9):  1349-1352.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2016.09.027 Abstract ( 697 )   HTML   PDF (403KB) ( 723 )   To better understand the formation age， geological features and significance of the Sizhanggunzi granite in Gaizhou， Liaoning Province， formation age and major trace elements were studied by zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating system and X-ray fluorescence spectrometers. Zircon U-Pb dating yielded the emplacement age of (1871.2±9.3)Ma， which indicates Sizhangguanzi granite is the product of Paleoproterozoic magmatism in Gaizhou. The results of major trace element testing on the target granite revealed the Sizhanggunzi granite and Kuangdonggou intrusions all intruded in Paleoproterozoic. In the Sizhanggunzi granite and syenite and diorite in Kuangdonggou reigon， SiO2 had a relevant positive correlation with K2O and Na2O and good negative correlations with TiO2，Al2O3，TFe2O3，CaO，MgO and MnO. This also represent the three intrusions probably have genetic relationship. Combining with previous studies， this study indicates Sizhanggunzi granite intruded in Paleoproterozoic and evolved from the identical magma of Kuangdonggou syenite and diorite. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Management Science

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Manufacturers’ Process Innovation Decisions Under the Condition of Transnational Retailers’ Countervailing Power LI Kai， LI Wei， AN Gang 2016, 37 (9):  1353-1358.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2016.09.028 Abstract ( 535 )   HTML   PDF (339KB) ( 674 )   A vertical market model which consists of a monopolistic manufacturer and competitive retailers was built. The manufacturers’s optimal process innovation decisions before and after the transnational retailers’ entry into the market were investigated by introducing countervailing power into the model. Moreover， the impact of the transnational retailers’ countervailing power on the manufacturers’ process innovation decisions was studied by comparing the manufacturer’s optimal process innovation decisions in three different cases， including the cases before and after the transnational retailers’ entry and the case of vertical integration. It was found that the increase of transnational retailers’ countervailing power will promote manufacturers’ process innovation. In addition， when countervailing power is large enough， the optimal level of process innovation will be higher than that in vertical integration. Finally， the mechanism behind this conclusion was analyzed， and a numerical example was given to show the influence of parameter change on the conclusion. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Thematic Analysis Method and Solution Based on the Ideal Point Utility Model SI Yan 2016, 37 (9):  1359-1363.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2016.09.029 Abstract ( 508 )   HTML   PDF (222KB) ( 700 )   Intelligence agents are often formed based on the cognition of things， and the differences of cognitive conditions will lead to differences in behavior. However， due to some major inherent properties， numerous agents’ behaviors may also turn on several typical behavioral characteristics， that is， being thematic. Based on the ideal point evaluation model， the thematic analysis method was built to realize the objective identification of themes. Besides， the proposed thematic analysis method was applied to explore the main features of university graduates’ entrepreneurship quality. It was confirmed that the method has a good theoretical value and practical significance， which can be applied to broader fields. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Surface Evolver Calculation of Free Liquid Surface Configuration Under Microgravity LI Yong-qiang， YE Zhi-jun， LI Li-hui 2016, 37 (9):  1364-1368.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2016.09.030 Abstract ( 888 )   HTML   PDF (421KB) ( 1220 )   Taking a cylindrical storage box as the research subject and based on the liquid capillary phenomenon under microgravity， a 3-D analysis model was established based on the Surface Evolver software. Using this model in numerical simulation， the free liquid surface’s climbing properties at the sector inner angle of the cylindrical storage box were studied under microgravity. The results of numerical analysis fitted the experimental results well， which confirmed the rationality and effectiveness of this method. By numerical analysis， the pattern of how the free liquid surface climbing was influenced by the contact angle and the container’s central angle under microgravity was studied. It was found that when the sum of contact angle between the liquid and the container wall is less than 90°， the liquid is constantly climbing， and when the container’s central angle is more than 50°， the liquid’s climbing height changes little. References | Related Articles | Metrics