东北大学学报(社会科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (2): 22-32.DOI: 10.15936/j.cnki.1008-3758.2026.02.003

• 科技伦理与哲学思辨 • 上一篇    下一篇

脑机接口技术应用的动态延伸、风险流变与治理方案

王文玉   

  1. 西南大学 法学院,重庆 400715
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-18 出版日期:2026-03-25 发布日期:2026-04-02
  • 作者简介:王文玉,西南大学讲师,法学博士。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金青年项目(24CFX048)

Dynamic Extension, Risk Evolution and Governance Scheme of Brain-Computer Interface Technology Application

Wenyu WANG   

  1. Law School,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China
  • Received:2024-05-18 Online:2026-03-25 Published:2026-04-02

摘要:

当前,脑机接口技术的应用目的出现了从治疗到增强的延伸,信息流向出现了从“由脑到机”到“由机到脑”的扩展,应用方式也展现出侵入式再次兴起的趋向。相关风险也随之发生扩展或转向:增强目的存在着制造新的不平等的风险,信息流向“由机到脑”存在着危及人类自主性的问题,侵入人脑的方式存在着风险弥散的危机。为此,应当对脑机接口展开类型化解构,并依照不同技术的风险特点和进路导向有针对性地安排治理侧重;依照技术(政策)—伦理—法律的历时性顺序,梯次配置风险规制力量;通过建立动态的同意机制、强化跟踪审查制度、明确责任分配制度,从而实现对脑机接口应用的全周期规制。

关键词: 脑机接口, 人工智能, 技术风险, 应用延伸, 风险流变

Abstract:

At present, the application of brain-computer interface technology has shown a trend of continuous extension and expansion from treatment to enhancement, the information flow has expanded from “brain to computer” to “computer to brain”, and the application mode has also shown a trend of invasive re-emergence. The risk has also expanded or turned: the purpose of enhancement has the risk of creating new inequality, the information flow from machine to brain poses the problem of endangering human autonomy, and the way of invading human brain has the crisis of risk dispersion. Therefore, first of all, the brain-computer interface should be deconstructed and the governance focus should be arranged according to the risk characteristics and approach orientation of different technologies. Secondly, according to the diachronic order of technology (policy)-ethics-law, the power of risk regulation is allocated step by step. Finally, by establishing a dynamic consent mechanism, strengthening the follow-up review mechanism and clarifying the responsibility allocation system, the full-cycle regulation of brain-computer interface application can be realized.

Key words: brain-computer interface, artificial intelligence, technological risk, application extension, risk evolution

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