计算科学发现:目标与方法论反思

doi:10.15936/j.cnki.1008-3758.2024.02.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 计算科学发现是人工智能和科学交汇融合的产物，其通过计算的方式对人类科学发现过程中的认知过程进行重构并实现了对人类自然认知能力的技术增强，从而使得经过恰当编程处理的计算机能够模拟人类的发现活动，并帮助人类获得关于客观世界的新知识。计算科学发现将计算作为一种方法和视角引入科学发现的研究中，揭示了以往推理方法中更为精细的结构，也为经典问题的研究提供新的思路。通过方法论的思考可以发现，计算科学发现的限度取决于多大程度上能够将具体的科学发现活动表征为具有可计算性的问题，为该问题设计高效的算法并提供充分且正确的科学数据，同时取决于是否能够对发现系统持有合理且必要的信任。

关键词: 计算科学发现; 人工智能; 科学发现; 计算; 方法论

Abstract: Computational scientific discovery arises from the convergence of artificial intelligence and science. It computationally reconfigures the cognitive processes of human scientific discovery and realizes the technological enhancement of natural human cognitive abilities， enabling appropriately programmed computers to simulate human discovery activities and assist the mankind in acquiring new knowledge of the objective world. Computational scientific discovery introduces computation as a method and perspective into the studies on scientific discovery， revealing finer structures in the past modes of reasoning and providing new insights into classic problems. Through methodological reflection， it becomes evident that the limitations of computational science discovery depend on the extent to which one can characterize specific scientific discovery activities as computationally tractable problems， design efficient algorithms for these problems， provide ample and accurate scientific data， and establish reasonable and necessary trust in the discovery system.

Key words: computational scientific discovery; artificial intelligence; scientific discovery; computation; methodology

中图分类号:

N031

浦江淮. 计算科学发现:目标与方法论反思[J]. 东北大学学报（社会科学版）, 2024, 26(2): 10-17.

PU Jianghuai. Computational Scientific Discovery: Reflections on Its Aims and Methodology[J]. Journal of Northeastern University(Social Science), 2024, 26(2): 10-17.

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