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15 December 2019, Volume 40 Issue 12 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Information & Control

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Fault Diagnosis of Sucker Rod Pumping Wells Based on GM-ELM HOU Yan-bin， CHEN Bing-jun， GAO Xian-wen 2019, 40 (12):  1673-1678.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2019.12.001 Abstract ( 775 )   HTML   PDF (1247KB) ( 960 )   Gray matrix-extreme learning machine (GM-ELM) was proposed to solve the fault diagnosis of sucker rod pumping wells. Firstly， the gray matrix method was applied to extract the fault features of sucker rod pumping wells. Secondly， the mathematical method was applied to establish eigenvectors of gray matrix， and the eigenvectors were used as the input value of the fault diagnosis model. Finally， the GM-ELM model was established to diagnose the fault of sucker rod pumping wells. The simulation results indicate that GM-ELM method has higher accuracy of fault diagnosis than GRNN(general regression neural network)， LS-SVM(least squares support vector machine)， BPNN(back propagation neural network). References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Fault Diagnosis Method of Motor Bearing Based on Improved GAN Algorithm XU Lin， ZHENG Xiao-tong， FU Bo， TIAN Ge 2019, 40 (12):  1679-1684.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2019.12.002 Abstract ( 1210 )   HTML   PDF (723KB) ( 1368 )   A fault diagnosis method was proposed for rolling bearing based on improved generation adversarial networks(GAN). Taking the vibration signal as the main basis， combined with the ability of continuous wavelet transform to process non-stationary signals and the functions of semi-supervised generation adversarial networks (SSGAN) processing and image recognition for fault diagnosis， the condition model was introduced based on semi-supervised generation adversarial networks， and the loss function was optimized to guide the generator and discriminator. For the first time， the improved GAN algorithm was applied to the field of fault diagnosis and its generation model and semi-supervised learning ability were used to solve the problem of sample data shortage and sample labeling. Experimental results showed that the fault diagnosis method combining continuous wavelet transform and improved GAN can achieve higher accuracy than that of the other mainstream diagnostic methods. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Multi-attribute Reverse Auction Model and Mechanism Design Under the Consideration of the Risk Attitude CHEN De-yan， WANG Ding-wei 2019, 40 (12):  1685-1689.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2019.12.003 Abstract ( 647 )   HTML   PDF (363KB) ( 638 )   To solve the difficulty of identifying score function and attribute weight， a winner decision model including the fuzzy input-output efficiency and supplier capability was proposed， as well as a two-stage auction mechanism. The effective bidding information could be extracted and the inferior sellers could be eliminated by the buyer in the first stage of the auction. In the second stage， the bidding value of attributes could be optimized and the final winner could be determined. The result of numerical example verified the validity of the model. The two-stage auction mechanism ensures the interests of buyer without the information disclosure. With the increase of buyers′ risk preference， the comprehensive efficiency score of sellers increases. Different risk attitudes will lead to the change of auction strategies of both parties and the difference of auction result. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Adaptive Radar Waveform Design Based on Dual Mutual Information Criterion XIN Feng-ming， WANG Jin-kuan， WANG Bin， LI Mei-mei 2019, 40 (12):  1690-1694.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2019.12.004 Abstract ( 739 )   HTML   PDF (430KB) ( 881 )   Adaptive waveform optimization technology is one of the key technologies of cognitive radar， which can improve the performance of radar systems. For the target detection， an adaptive waveform design method based on dual mutual information (DMI) criterion was proposed in the clutter environment. The mutual information (MI) was maximized by the proposed method between the received signal and the target impulse response while the mutual information could be minimized between the received signal and clutter impulse response. With the transmitted signal energy constraint， the optimization model for optimal waveform was established， and the optimal waveform was solved by the maximum marginal allocation algorithm (MMA). The simulation results demonstrate the validation of the proposed method. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Feasibility Research of Pulse Wave Decomposition Based on Lognormal Function WANG Lu， CHEN Xue-wei， HAO Li-ling， XU Li-sheng 2019, 40 (12):  1695-1699.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2019.12.005 Abstract ( 617 )   HTML   PDF (597KB) ( 756 )   The feasibility of decomposing pulse wave was evaluated by constructing the blood flow wave based on the Lognormal function. Twenty-three healthy subjects were studied and their noninvasive aortic pulse waves were acquired by using a noninvasive aortic pulse analyzer (AtCor Medical SphygmoCor). The Lognormal function and the triangle function are applied respectively for constructing the blood flow wave， and aortic pressure waveform is decomposed into forward and backward waves by means of the impedance analysis. The reflection parameters including reflection amplitude (RMlog， RMtri) and reflection index (RIlog， RItri) are then calculated. Meanwhile， these parameters are analyzed by the Bland-Altman method and the regression analysis. The estimation of RM and RI has high consistency for these two methods， and their regression equations are RMlog=1.009RMtri-0.007 and RIlog=1.008RItri-0.004， respectively. RMlog has significantly positive correlation with RMtri (r=0.999; P<0.001)， and RIlog has significantly positive correlation with RItri (r=0.999; P<0.001). Therefore， it is feasible to decompose the aortic pressure waveform based on the Lognormal function and the performance is better than that of the triangle function. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Materials & Metallurgy

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Effect of Intercritical Annealing Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Property of High Al-Low Si TRIP Steel HUANG Hui-qiang， DI Hong-shuang， ZHANG Tian-yu， YAN Ning 2019, 40 (12):  1700-1706.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2019.12.006 Abstract ( 661 )   HTML   PDF (1170KB) ( 882 )   The high Al-low Si TRIP steels were annealed at different intercritical temperatures. The microstructures and mechanical properties were examined to establish the relationship between work hardening exponent and phase components， and the effect of retained austenite stability on mechanical properties of tested steels were analyzed. The results show that， with the increase in intercritical annealing temperature， the content of bainite gradually decreased， while the volume fraction of retained austenite increased first and then decreased. The volume fraction of retained austenite reached largest when annealing temperature was 930℃. The tensile strength of experimental steel decreased with the increase of intercritical annealing temperature， and the elongation increased first and then decreased. When the annealing temperature was 930℃， the tensile strength was 665MPa， and the elongation reached its maximum of about 30%， and the resulting product of strength and elongation was approximately 20GPa·%. By combining EBSD analyses and tensile tests， it can be concluded that the retained austenite possessed moderate stability when the tested steel was annealing at 930℃， so that work hardening ability is continuously provided during tensile testing period. As a result， the plasticity of annealed TRIP steels had been improved. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Introducing Martensite to Reduce Yield Ratio of Steel Plates Rolled in Dual-Phase Region by Quenching SHEN Xin-jun， LI De-zhi， TANG Shuai， WANG Guo-dong 2019, 40 (12):  1707-1710.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2019.12.007 Abstract ( 712 )   HTML   PDF (5251KB) ( 716 )   Grain refinement and delamination toughening can endow high strength and superior toughness to laminated and ultrafine-grained steel plates rolled in the dual-phase region. The previous study indicated that the laminated and ultrafine-grained steel plates possessed a high yield ratio up to 0.9 when air cooling was applied after rolling. In the present study， martensite was introduced to the laminated and ultrafine-grained steel plates by quenching after rolling to reduce the yield ratio. We found that martensite with a volume fraction of ~14% was generated by quenching followed by rolling at 750℃ or 810℃. Continuous yielding behavior was present during tensile testing due to the existence of martensite， and high work hardening rate was obtained. As expected， the reduced yield ratio lower than 0.7 was realized so that the problem that yield ratio was too high was solved for the laminated and ultrafine-grained steel plates. Moreover， high strength and good toughness were acquired. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of High Permeability Rolling Process on Deformation Permeability of SA738 Gr.B Thick Plate LI Yan-mei， YANG Meng-qi， ZHANG Shu-zhan， ZHANG Tian 2019, 40 (12):  1711-1715.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2019.12.008 Abstract ( 600 )   HTML   PDF (2153KB) ( 649 )   The main material of AP1000 steel containment is SA738 Gr.B ultra-heavy plates. With the traditional rolling method， the deformation depth is limited and the core toughness is insufficient， which is mainly due to the blank size and the rolling mill capacity limitation. The high-permeability rolling process integrated by rolling-cooling is expected to improve the performance of the thick plates. The influence of high-permeability rolling process on the rolling deformation of a thick steel SA738 Gr.B was analyzed by numerical modeling and experiments. The results show that in order to obtain the same thick-direction rolling penetration effect， the single-pass reduction rate required for the high-permeability rolling process with a thickness-to-temperature difference of 300℃ can be reduced by 3%~4% compared with conventional rolling. Comparing with the experimental results， it can be seen that the high-permeability rolling process can improve the degree of metal deformation of the core and make the metal flow of each layer more uniform simultaneously. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and Properties of xCeO2-yWO3-TiO2 Denitration Catalyst BIAN Xue， HU Lyu， PENG Peng， LIU Si-yang 2019, 40 (12):  1716-1720.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2019.12.009 Abstract ( 575 )   HTML   PDF (1151KB) ( 793 )   Our country is facing the emission limitation of nitrogen oxide and the difficulty in handling dangerous waste of commercial catalyst (V2O5-WO3/TiO2). We propose a novel method of preparing xCeO2-yWO3/TiO2 catalysts by impregnation-thermal decomposition. The effects of active component contents Ce and W on denitration efficiency were studied. Catalyst 30Ce4W reaches the widest temperature range 310℃ and 285℃， with a denitration efficiency 90% and 95%， respectively. The structure and mechanism of the catalysts were characterized by XRD， XPS， BET， NH3-TPD and H2-TPR. The results showed that for catalyst 30Ce4W， the higher ratio of Ce4+ and chemisorbed oxygen content on the surface and the higher specific surface area were conducive to improving the denitration performances. The oxides on the surface were reduced readily and exhibited a great adsorption capacity for NH3. Thus its denitration effect was superior to other catalysts. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental Study on Bio-oil Adsorption Enhanced Reforming by Using Double-effect Catalysts XIE Hua-qing， YUAN Jia-wei， LAN Bi-lan， LI Mi 2019, 40 (12):  1721-1725.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2019.12.010 Abstract ( 620 )   HTML   PDF (707KB) ( 902 )   Dual catalyst was prepared with the co-precipitation method and then applied to the research of hydrogen production from steam reforming process of bio-oil. The effects of temperature， S/C ratio (molar ratio of steam to carbon) and weight hourly space velocity on the reaction process were studied. Comparing with the common steam reforming process， the hydrogen yield and volume fraction of the sorption-enhanced steam reforming process of bio-oil for hydrogen production was significantly increased. As both temperature and S/C ratio increased， hydrogen yield and volume fraction of the sorption-enhanced steam reforming process were elevated first and then reduced slightly， and the temperature corresponding to the highest hydrogen yield decreased significantly compared with the common reforming. At 650℃， when the S/C ratio was 4.5， the hydrogen yield reached the peak value of 87.60%， with the hydrogen volume fraction of 94.75%. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Mechanical Engineering

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Multi-frequency Controlled Synchronization of a Vibrating System with Two-Motor Drives Rotating in Opposite Directions LIU Yun-shan， JIA Lei， WEN Bang-chun 2019, 40 (12):  1726-1731.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2019.12.011 Abstract ( 518 )   HTML   PDF (1044KB) ( 652 )   Given that the base frequency synchronization is not conducive to the diversity of material screening， the multi-frequency self-synchronization is difficult to be realized and only integer times frequency synchronization motion can be achieved， multi-frequency controlled synchronization of a vibrating system with two eccentrics driven by inductor motors was proposed. Firstly， the electromechanical coupling dynamic model of the vibration system was established， based on which the response equation of the vibration system was derived by using the small parameter average method. Meanwhile， the fuzzy PID control method was introduced based on the master-slave control strategy， which not only realized the multi-frequency control synchronous motion， but also realized the zero-phase difference multi-frequency synchronous motion of the minimum common multiple period. Finally， the accuracy and effectiveness of the theory was proved by Matlab/Simulink simulation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization Method of Nonlinear Energy Sinks with Piecewise Linear Stiffness YAO Hong-liang， ZHANG Qin， YANG Pei-ran， WEN Bang-chun 2019, 40 (12):  1732-1738.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2019.12.012 Abstract ( 711 )   HTML   PDF (1395KB) ( 820 )   Based on the nonlinear energy sink (NES) model with piecewise linear stiffness previously proposed by the authors， the optimization problem of the NESs is studied by means of genetic algorithm (GA). Firstly， the NES with piecewise linear stiffness is introduced， and its nonlinear characteristic is analyzed. Then， the spatial dimension of optimum design is reduced by adopting the endpoint connection fitting for cubic polynomial， and the optimization method is presented with mixed binary and real coding. Finally， the optimization of the NESs in multi-degree freedom system is carried out by taking the frame-shear structure-NESs system as an example， and its effectiveness is verified by experiments. The results show that the optimized NESs can effectively suppress vibration at a wider excitation frequency and meanwhile obtain a better multi-modal vibration suppression effect. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Calculation Method for Load Distribution of Ball Screw Nut Pairs LIU Chang， ZHAO Chun-yu， HAN Yan-long， WEN Bang-chun 2019, 40 (12):  1739-1743.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2019.12.013 Abstract ( 949 )   HTML   PDF (625KB) ( 971 )   It was assumed that the contact loads between the balls and the grooves only cause the overall axial deformation of grooves’ helical surfaces based on the deformation mechanism of ball screw nut pairs， and then the axial deformation of the contact points between the balls and the grooves corresponding to the groove centers was deduced. According to the Hertz contact theory and the geometric relationship of the local deformation between the balls and the grooves， a calculation model for contact load was established. The two-dimensional plane contact problem was handled by the proposed model， finite element model and existing model， and the accuracy and feasibility of the proposed model were verified by result comparison. Taking a ball screw as an example， the distribution of contact forces and contact angles between the balls and the grooves with the axial load was analyzed with the proposed model. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental Research of Dynamic Characteristics for Long Wall Shearer Cutting Unit Gearbox in Straight Line Cutting ZHANG Rui， ZHU Li-sha， ZHANG Yi-min 2019, 40 (12):  1744-1749.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2019.12.014 Abstract ( 661 )   HTML   PDF (1791KB) ( 684 )   The vibration characteristics of a long wall shearer’s cutting unit gearbox (SCUG) are mostly investigated by theoretical models， however， these results are lacking in experimental validation. For validating theoretical results and investigating some nonlinear dynamic characteristics of SCUG， a dedicated test set-up which can simulate the real coal mining process is developed to operate the long wall shearer in loaded and unloaded working conditions. Vibration severity is taken as a comparison standard of theoretical and experimental results. Cutting depth， traction speed and coal hardness are considered as the experimental variables and the contributions of these factors to the vibration of SCUG are ranked. Coal hardness mutation， beat vibration phenomenon and motor run-up impact which can contribute to the resonance and fatigue damage of SCUG are analyzed in the experiment， and the impact of drum load on them is also quantified. The data obtained by the experiment and the relevant conclusions may provide a certain reference for the correct understanding of vibration response and reliability analysis of SCUG. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reliability Analysis of Gear Heat Transfer Error Based on PC-Kriging Model and Active Learning YU Zhen-liang， SUN Zhi-li， CAO Ru-nan， ZHANG Yi-bo 2019, 40 (12):  1750-1754.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2019.12.015 Abstract ( 673 )   HTML   PDF (530KB) ( 840 )   To improve the computational efficiency and accuracy in the reliability analysis of gear heat transfer error， an efficient reliability analysis method combining PC-Kriging and active learning function LIF is proposed. Polynomial-chaos-expansion (PCE) is adopted to replace the regression basis function of the traditional Kriging model to enhance its global approximation accuracy and its ability to capture local features. The least-angle regression (LAR) is used to construct the optimal polynomial quantity set of the regression basis function， and the Akaike information criterion (AIC) is utilized to determine the optimal truncated set. Furthermore， the active learning function LIF is employed to select the optimal sample during each iteration to improve the convergence efficiency of the PC-Kriging model. The application to gear heat transfer error shows that compared with the traditional Kriging model， the proposed method can significantly reduce the number of performance function evaluations while ensuring accuracy in the reliability analysis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Dynamic Load Identification of a Nonlinear System Based on Newmark-β Method FAN Yu-chuan， HUANG Qing-yun， LU Yan， ZHAO Chun-yu 2019, 40 (12):  1755-1759.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2019.12.016 Abstract ( 1002 )   HTML   PDF (574KB) ( 973 )   Based on the Newmark-β numerical simulation method， a modified Newton-Raphson iteration method is used to minimize the substitution error of tangent stiffness for variable stiffness for a single-degree-of-freedom nonlinear system. Then， the iterative solution process of dynamic response of the nonlinear system under the known external excitation and system characteristics is deduced， and the inverse iterative solution process of dynamic load under the known dynamic response and system characteristics is deduced. A numerical example shows that the modified iteration method is feasible for load identification of nonlinear systems and overcomes the shortcoming of error accumulation without the iteration method. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Inverse Identification and Calibration of the Excitation Force of Non-contact Magnetic Field Exciter Based on Measured Response SUN Wei， WANG Jin 2019, 40 (12):  1760-1766.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2019.12.017 Abstract ( 520 )   HTML   PDF (942KB) ( 661 )   To broaden the usable range of non-contact magnetic field exciter， it is urgent to calibrate the amplitude of excitation force acting on structure. A method was proposed to calibrate the excitation force of non-contact magnetic field exciter， which was based on the measured response of cantilever beam and used optimization technique. Firstly， the calibration principle and method of excitation force were presented. The iterative calculation was utilized to minimize the vibration response deviation between measurement and finite element analysis. Next， the methods for creating finite element model and solving vibration response based on ANSYS software were briefly described. Then， the iterative process of calibrating excitation force amplitude was described with the use of optimization module of ANSYS software. At last， the excitation force amplitude of non-contact magnetic field exciter was calibrated according to the proposed method. The calibration curves and the functional relationship between voltage and excitation force were obtained， which demonstrated the effectiveness of the method proposed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Hybrid Cycle Algorithm-based Intelligent Assembly Sequence Planning of Complex Assembly QU Xing-tian， ZHANG Kun， WANG Xue-xu， WANG Hong-yi 2019, 40 (12):  1767-1772.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2019.12.018 Abstract ( 615 )   HTML   PDF (1072KB) ( 803 )   A hybrid cycle algorithm was proposed aiming at solving the problems that single algorithm cannot realize intelligent assembly sequence planning of complex assembly and the lack of deep human-computer interaction causes poor improvement effects. This algorithm， based on genetic algorithm， uses interference matrix and contact matrix to adjust random assembly sequence and constructs fitness function on the basis of the uniformity of assembly direction and tool. In addition， combining with simulated annealing algorithm， adding annealing operation and using Metropolis criterion， individual sequences were obtained and accepted by crossover and mutation. Meanwhile， by introducing particle swarm optimization， optimal sequence of individuals and groups were selected to cross with the offspring directly. Finally， assembly simulation platform combined with virtual reality were built and the sequence was optimized from the two dimensions of assembly stability and tool operation space. In conclusion， taking automobile rear axle assembly as an example， it is shown that the assembly sequence obtained fits actual production and the method is effective and practical. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Resources & Civil Engineering

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A Comparative Study on the Stress Distribution in Mine Backfill Through Theoretical and Numerical Analysis YAN Bao-xu， ZHU Wan-cheng， HOU Chen， JIA Han-wen 2019, 40 (12):  1773-1778.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2019.12.019 Abstract ( 812 )   HTML   PDF (1101KB) ( 837 )   Rotation of principal stress direction can occur due to the shear friction between the surrounding rock and the backfill， as well as the unequal wall inclinations of the backfilled stope. According to soil mechanics， the lateral pressure coefficient was introduced to consider the variation of the direction of the principal stress. Based on the force balance of the horizontal differential element， the analytical solution of vertical stress in backfill was derived. The results show that the introduced lateral pressure coefficient is a function of the backfilled stope height. For a constant footwall inclination angle， the larger the hang wall inclination angle is， the smaller the direction of the principal stress deflects due to the frictional forces in the interface between the surrounding rock and the backfill. Compared with the cohesion in the backfill， the friction angle at the interface between the backfill and the surrounding rock has a obvious influence on the arching effect of the backfill. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation on the Deformation Behavior of Multi-layered Soils Under a Large Foundation XIU Zhan-guo， LI Chun， WANG Fei-li， QI Jia 2019, 40 (12):  1779-1783.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2019.12.020 Abstract ( 604 )   HTML   PDF (849KB) ( 796 )   The deformation calculation model called SSBS (simulating subsidence of building subsoil) for multi-layered soils under a large foundation was established based on the soil deformation theory. The deformation of the multi-layered soils of a real project was calculated and compared with the monitored values. It is found that the effective stress increment can be formed in soils above the foundation base due to dewatering， which cannot be neglected. Because of the non-uniform distribution of the subsidiary stress in subsoil under large foundation， the locations of the maximum loading point and the maximum deformation point are not coincident， which means that the maximum deformation does not occur at the center of the foundation. The results show that the deformation calculated by the established model is closer to the field minoring results， thus can be a reference for the deformation analysis for multi-layered subsoil under large foundation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Strength and Frost-Resistance Properties of the Vibration-Mixed Concrete JIA Peng， DU Gong-cheng， REN Yun-yang， WU Zhen-dong 2019, 40 (12):  1784-1789.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2019.12.021 Abstract ( 904 )   HTML   PDF (752KB) ( 1070 )   The influence of vibration parameters on strength and frost-resistance properties of vibration-mixed concrete was experimentally studied. Firstly， the effects of vibration power， vibration time and mixing numbers were analyzed through orthogonal tests to determine the optimal vibration parameters; then， freeze-thaw tests were conducted on those concrete specimens prepared according to the optimized vibration parameters to analyze the frost-resistance properties. Results show that the vibration power has a more significant effect on the compressive strength of concrete than the mixing numbers and the vibration time. Through vibration-mixing， the 28d compressive strength increase by 24.31% compared with those prepared by static-mixing method. With the increase of freeze-thaw cycles， the mass loss rate and compressive strength loss rate of the vibration-mixed concrete are significantly lower than those of the static-mixed concrete. The concrete compressive strength and the frost-resistance properties can be improved through the vibration-mixing process. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Suitability of Underground Space Development in Terms of Subway Station in Shenyang City QI Xi-jing， FAN Chuan-zhao， DENG Li-jie 2019, 40 (12):  1790-1795.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2019.12.022 Abstract ( 702 )   HTML   PDF (476KB) ( 939 )   School of Resources & Civil Engineering， Northeastern University， Shenyang 110819， China; 2. Shenyang Institute of Engineering， Shenyang 110136， China. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Management Science

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Research on Payment Preferences for Reverse Mortgage Based on q-Exponential Discount Function LU Yang， WANG Jian， ZHUANG Xin-tian 2019, 40 (12):  1796-1799.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2019.12.023 Abstract ( 569 )   HTML   PDF (351KB) ( 605 )   In order to examine the payment preferences for reverse mortgage， the reverse mortgage models were established based on the exponential discount and q-exponential discount function， whose general solutions were obtained. Then， three reverse mortgages were designed with three different repayment plans (falling， constant， and rising). A satisfaction survey of the mortgage plans was conducted， and it was found that the values of the mortgages are the same using the exponential discount function but are different using the q-exponential discount function. The results showed that the rising profile is better evaluated than the other two options， and the falling profile is less evaluated than the other two. This indicates that financial institutions can improve their clients′ satisfaction of reverse mortgage without any interest rate hike by changing payment preferences. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the Direct Rebound Effect of Urban Residents′ Electricity Consumption—Considering Local and Global Spatial Spillover Effects SHI Jian-hua， HAN Ying， KOU Po 2019, 40 (12):  1800-1804.  DOI: 10.12068/j.issn.1005-3026.2019.12.024 Abstract ( 547 )   HTML   PDF (372KB) ( 703 )   In order to explore the spatial spillover effect and regional differences of direct rebound effect， the measurement model of direct rebound effect has been improved based on the spatial measurement method， and the empirical analysis has been conducted on the basis of spatial panel data of Chinese urban residents’ electricity consumption. It is found that there is a significant spatial spillover effect in the direct rebound effect. Ignoring the spatial spillover effect will confuse the impact of energy efficiency improvement in urban residents’ power consumption on local and neighboring regions. Owing to the difference between the local and global spillover effect， the government should pay much attention to the scope of the energy efficiency policy to reach its full potential. The direct rebound effect and spatial spillover effect of urban residents’ electricity have few differences in the eastern， central and western regions， and they are steady at the regional level. References | Related Articles | Metrics